| Logistics is an important support and guarantee for national economic and social development.In recent years,the scale of China’s distribution services has gradually expanded,and in 2021,China’s distribution volume exceeded 100 billion pieces,achieving substantial growth year-on-year.With the expansion of the market scale,the user’s demand for end delivery methods,time,location and other aspects continue to improve,and to further match user needs,the enterprises launch diversified service products,and their own operating costs are also increasing.In the city logistics end distribution link,distributors and distribution service users are directly connected,and the distribution efficiency directly affects the user satisfaction and then the market demand,so the scientificity of the distribution route is the core to improve the logistics distribution service level and control the enterprise cost.Currently,the existing studies consider how to optimize the distribution route to improve the service level under the influence of different factors,but there are still some problems in the selection method of the end distribution route of city logistics in China:(1)mismatch between end distribution service and demand;(2)strong randomness of route selection;(3)enterprise cost needs to be further controlled;(4)lack of targeted policy support.In order to solve the problems of end distribution routes,this paper firstly constructs the “Four-dimension Eight-level” model system of user characteristics of city logistics end distribution,and analyzes the current situation and problems of city logistics end distribution.Secondly,it establishes the optimization model system of city logistics end distribution routes,and optimizes the distribution routes from the three preference characteristics of user including delivery method,time and location.The third is to establish a multi-factor city logistics distribution route optimization model to solve the route problem considering user preferences of distribution method,time and location,and to control enterprise costs.The main points of this paper are as follows: Based on the background and problems of city logistics end distribution market,this paper analyzes the research status of domestic and foreign scholars on city logistics end distribution based on user characteristics from the perspectives of research problems,constructed models and used algorithms.From the four dimensions of national industry,provinces cities,enterprises and users,the Four-dimension model and Eight-level analysis table of city logistics end distribution based on user characteristics are established,and the influence of the four dimensions on the market and their correlation are analyzed,and a complete “Fourdimension Eight-level” Model System is constructed,then the problems existed in city logistics end-distribution are analyzed.Based on the problems and demands,taking user satisfaction cost and enterprise operation cost as the characteristic correlation point,a distribution route optimization model is built based on the user’s delivery method,delivery time and delivery location,and the distribution route is adjusted by designing and applying the ALNS algorithm etc to improve distribution efficiency and control costs.Based on the relevant calculation results,we construct a route optimization model considering users’ delivery method,time and location preference meanwhile,identify and cluster the relevant factors,and further control the cost of enterprises.The relevant policies and measures to ensure the implementation of city logistics end delivery route optimization model result are proposed from the three perspectives of industry,enterprises and users,and the shortcomings of the study and the next outlook are raised.The innovation points of this paper include.(1)The “Four-dimension Eight-level” model system of city logistics end distribution based on user preference characteristics is proposed.Based on the four dimensions of national industry,municipalities,enterprises and users,a four-dimension model of city logistics end distribution is constructed,and the implementation current situation and characteristics of policies in the national industry dimension are summarized,and six typical cities are selected and the relevant measures to logistics distribution are analyzed,and five typical enterprises are selected to analyze their terminal distribution operation mode,characteristics and relevance,and the main demand preference characteristics and correlation of distribution in the user dimension are summarized,then an eight-level analysis table is established to summarize the current problems and to form a complete“Four-dimension Eight-level” model system.It systematically explains the city logistics end distribution market from the external environment to internal dynamics,and from theoretical research to practical application.(2)A model system of city logistics end distribution route optimization is constructed.According to the “Four-dimension Eight-level” model system theory,based on user preference characteristics of distribution method,time and location,and taking user satisfaction cost and enterprise operation cost as the characteristic correlation point,the route optimization model based on user’s distribution method,time and location is established respectively to build the model system.The framework of ALNS algorithm is constructed and calculated with the goal of optimizing the distribution route as well as the delivery method,and the initial solution is obtained by greedy algorithm and set as the optimal solution and the current solution,then destroy and repair the current solution to obtain the neighborhood solution,after which the current solution is updated according to the simulated annealing acceptance criterion,and the weights of the destroy and repair methods are updated according to the current solution performance.The numerical of cost and benefit of value-added services of enterprises are compared and the result is optimized,and the user alternative address distribution method is analyzed,then the optimization route to improve user satisfaction while reducing the cost of enterprise end distribution is proposed.(3)An optimization model of city logistics end distribution route considering multiple factors is established.Considering the multi-factor effects of distribution method,time and location preferences simultaneously,a robust distribution path planning model is built.According to the user dynamic preference characteristics data,the route problem considering the distribution method,time and location preferences is solved by using the method of clustering and route planning.The route problem is clustered according to the user’s characteristics,and each class is grouped into a subproblem of route problem.The route problem is transformed into a small-scale problem,and then each small-scale problem is optimized to achieve the goal of reducing the computational volume and saving time.Based on the data for empirical analysis,the comparison analysis is conducted for the control of the total distribution cost of the enterprise to provide scientific reference for the enterprise and the department for decision making. |
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