Research On Key Technologies Of Blockchain Lightweight For The Internet Of Things

Blockchain’s distributed collaborative computing and storage,data tampering prevention,behavioral traceability and other functions provide support for IoT data whole chain security protection.However,blockchain’s intensive computation,redundant storage,and multi-frequency communication processes are likely to overload related equipment in the scenarios of large IoT terminals,heterogeneous resources,thin computation,insufficient storage,and small bandwidth.Thus there is an urgent need to solve the problem of integrating and adapting blockchain and IoT.The primary research topics both domestically and internationally for the integration and adaption challenges of blockchain and IoT include new architecture establishments for blockchain,new standards for blockchain,and lightweight blockchain technology,among others.Lightweight blockchain technologies like committee elections,slice storage,and aggregated signatures can lower the amount of data needed for consistency decision-making,ledger storage,and accounting right elections.However,issues including excessive load,unstable throughput,low security,and low throughput still exist in IoT settings.That being said,the following are the main findings and innovations from the three perspectives of blockchain computation lightweight improvement,blockchain storage lightweight improvement,and blockchain communication lightweight improvement that are developed in this paper based on the research on blockchain lightweight key technology for IoT:(1)We propose the algorithm for proving the integration capacity of node storage and computation in the election of accounting right.We use a lightweight hash function based on sponge structure,design node storage,and calculation integration ability proof technique to address the issues of high computational load,unreliable throughput,and low security of IoT blockchain.In order to reduce the computational load on the blockchain during the election of accounting rights,we propose the joint operation mode of dual leader nodes and divide the algorithm into three phases:election pre-preparation,election proof,and election validation.We then elect the leader node in the network with strong storage and computational ability and designate the leader node to be in charge of the accounting right for a set amount of time.We enhance the stability and continuity of transaction throughput,through theoretical analysis and comparative experiments,the experimental results show that the algorithm can reach 70%in terms of the election accuracy rate,and at a certain cost of data storage,it can reduce the CPU occupancy rate to 24%of the PoW consensus,and reduce the consensus time consumed to 11%of the PoW consensus,and increase the throughput to 2 times of the DPoS consensus.(2)We propose the mechanism of node ledger block storage in clusters and delayed uploading.We create the cluster storage mechanism based on the Chord ring topology on the chain,and the external storage strategy based on delayed upload under the chain,with the goal of addressing the issues of high storage load,limited throughput,and low data security of IoT blockchain.In order to decrease the storage load on a single node as well as the overall storage load,we propose the asynchronous workload proof and multi-level block structure,cluster the blockchain nodes and blocks,and periodically transfer the ledger data to the external storage.This allows us to realize collaborative lightweight storage both on and off the chain.Through theoretical analysis and comparative experiments,the experimental results show that this mechanism can achieve a discrete coefficient of less than 0.1 in the uniform distribution of nodes and less than 0.3 in the uniform distribution of blocks at a certain cost of data migration,and reduce the total amount of data storage to 13%of the comparative scheme without unlimited increase in the growth over time,and improve the throughput to SSChain,which is the highest in the world.throughput to 1.3 times of the SSChain scheme.(3)We propose the mechanism of behavioral scoring and speculation of dynamic network nodes.The layout of the P2P network model structure includes a behavior scoring algorithm,a node dynamic management mechanism,and a scoring node/leader node/replica node in order to address the issues of high communication load,low throughput,and low security associated with IoT blockchain technology.We use an aggregated signature in conjunction with a speculative operation mechanism to assess the degree of positive and negative behaviors exhibited by the node in real time.By using the speculative operation mechanism combined with the aggregated signature,the decision-making communication process is simplified,the communication data is reduced,the network nodes are dynamically managed,the blockchain security and dynamics are improved,and the communication load of the decision-making consistency determination of the blockchain is lowered and the throughput is improved.Through theoretical analysis and comparative experiments,the experimental results show that when there is no Byzantine node,the mechanism is able to reduce the communication complexity to the O(n)level and the communication data volume to 49%of the Zyzzyva scheme;when there is a Byzantine node,the mechanism improves the throughput to 3.1 times of the Zyzzyva scheme.In summary,through the research of blockchain lightweight key technology for IoT,we propose the algorithm for proving the integration capacity of node storage and computation in the election of accounting right,the mechanism of node ledger block storage in clusters and delayed uploading,and the mechanism of behavioral scoring and speculation of dynamic network nodes.We achieve a better fusion of and adaption to the blockchain and IoT scenarios,effectively reduce the computational,storage,and communication loads of the blockchain,improve the security and throughput of the blockchain,achieve the relevant indexes and effects of the controllable cost,and provide technological support for the privacy protection and the control of the rights and interests of the data in the scenarios.