Research On Relative Poverty Of Migrant Workers In The New Era:Identification Measurement And Governance Paths

Relative poverty is an urgent problem to be solved on the road of common prosperity.Eradicating absolute poverty is a great achievement in China’s poverty alleviation history.China has made great efforts to solve the problem of relative poverty in the new development stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way and unswervingly moving towards common prosperity.As an eternal topic,eradicating and getting rid of poverty is not only the sacred mission faced by all mankind,but also the responsibility of the governor for people’s livelihood.Reviewing and combing the evolution and development of poverty theory at home and abroad,combined with the new situation and new problems faced by China’s poverty alleviation practice,discussing how to effectively alleviate the relative poverty between urban and rural areas is the focus and difficulty of poverty alleviation in the new era.With the continuous advancement of urbanization and the transformation and development of economy and society,the scope of poverty has been continuously transferred from rural areas to cities.The group of migrant workers working in cities has fallen into multi-dimensional poverty in terms of material,work,ability and spirit in their survival and development,and there is still a certain gap with the target state of the social policy system in the people’s yearning for a better life.Explore and alleviate the relative poverty of migrant workers,It is not only a theoretical supplement,but also a practical demand.So,how to build the identification index system of migrant workers’ relative poverty? How is its relative poverty? What are the causes of relative poverty? What are the governance paths and measures for the relative poverty of migrant workers? This paper will carry out investigation,research and analysis with the problems that need to be further discussed in the academic community.This paper follows the research idea of "theoretical research-empirical investigation-policy enlightenment" to study the relative poverty of migrant workers.Firstly,the relationship between absolute poverty and relative poverty is analyzed theoretically,and the logic of feasible ability theory and a better life theory provides theoretical support for this paper;Secondly,according to the theoretical achievement of "feasible ability & better life",build the identification index system of migrant workers’ relative poverty in the new era;Third,using the comprehensive social survey data,this paper makes an empirical measurement and heterogeneity analysis on the relative poverty of migrant workers,and makes a comparative analysis with urban residents;Fourth,using the econometric model,this paper systematically discusses the influencing factors of relative poverty at the income level and multi-dimensional level of migrant workers;Finally,according to its characteristics,causes and influencing factors,this paper puts forward specific governance paths to improve the relative poverty of migrant workers from the two levels of governance system and specific measures.The main contents and conclusions of this paper are summarized as follows:First,according to the theory of feasible ability and the theory of a better life,it provides theoretical support for the research on the identification standard and governance path of migrant workers’ relative poverty in the new development stage of our country.Amartya Sen’s feasible ability theory measures whether people get some survival and development opportunities from the perspective of whether individuals are deprived of their own living conditions,so as to realize people’s free and all-round development,which provides a basic theoretical support for the research on the relative poverty of migrant workers;People’s growing desire for a better life reflects the dimension of the promotion of a better life in the new era.The theory of social principal contradiction also provides an expanding theoretical guidance for the study of migrant workers’ relative poverty.Feasible ability theory and better life theory also have enlightenment significance for the governance path of migrant workers’ relative poverty.Starting from survival and development,self and external,we can scientifically and effectively formulate and improve the governance needs and governance system of relative poverty,so as to provide theoretical support for the research of migrant workers’ relative poverty.Secondly,starting from the theoretical framework of "feasible ability & better life",this paper constructs an identification system of migrant workers’ relative poverty in the new era,and decomposes the breadth,depth and intensity of migrant workers’ relative poverty from the indicators of income and non income.Specifically,it includes the measurement index system of migrant workers’ relative poverty in the new era,which covers 8 dimensions and 13 indicators of "income,education,employment,medical treatment,social security,housing,cultural life and humanistic environment".The index system mainly reflects the logical framework for identifying migrant workers’ relative poverty.The specific measurement can be adjusted,deleted or increased according to the actual needs.Third,the identification measurement shows that migrant workers face a certain degree of income poverty and more serious and complex multidimensional relative poverty.From the perspective of relative income poverty,first,migrant workers have basically got rid of absolute income poverty,but the sensitivity of income poverty increases with the improvement of the standard of relative poverty line;Second,compared with urban residents,the relative poverty of migrant workers is more severe,and the increase of the incidence of income relative poverty increases with the increase of the poverty line.From the perspective of multidimensional relative poverty,the indicators with the incidence of poverty of migrant workers exceeding 25% include education level,endowment insurance,stable employment,social trust,etc;From 2012 to 2017,the biggest indicators of the decline in the multidimensional relative poverty contribution rate of migrant workers were education and old-age insurance;Compared with urban residents,the biggest difference in the incidence of relative poverty among migrant workers is the level of education,endowment insurance,stable employment and other indicators.The overall inequality of migrant workers is higher than that of urban residents.Fourth,analyze the influencing factors of migrant workers’ income relative poverty and multidimensional relative poverty from multiple levels.Firstly,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of migrant workers’ relative income poverty from three aspects:personal factors,family characteristics and external environment.Through Mincer equation regression,probit equation regression,quantile regression and other methods,this paper discusses the influencing factors of migrant workers’ income level and the poverty causing factors of relative income poverty.The conclusion is that the most influential factor on income is the registered residence system,followed by human capital and parental endowment,The higher the level of education,the more obvious the effect of increasing income and reducing poverty.Second,the influencing factors of multi-dimensional relative poverty of migrant workers mainly set explanatory variables from four aspects: personal factors,subjective factors,family characteristics and external environment.By analyzing whether multi-dimensional relative poverty occurs and the degree of deprivation,OLS,probit model and Tobit model are used to analyze the main factors affecting multi-dimensional relative poverty of migrant workers.It is analyzed that the main factors that make it difficult for migrant workers to get rid of multi-dimensional relative poverty are lack of opportunities Lack of ability and negative psychology.Fifth,put forward the governance path to alleviate the relative poverty of migrant workers,build a relative poverty governance system and promote the modernization of governance system.First of all,by learning from the experience of poverty alleviation,establish new ideas for relative poverty governance,establish a long-term governance mechanism,promote the modernization of governance system,and establish a relative poverty governance system for migrant workers in China.Second,put forward the path and specific measures to control the relative poverty of migrant workers,including deepening the overall planning of urban and rural areas and building a comprehensive poverty control system;Establish a help and management mechanism to improve the normative links of poverty governance;Improve the social security system and improve the inclusive poverty governance system;Improve educational skills training and design differentiated poverty governance policies;Stimulate endogenous development momentum and jointly build a humanistic poverty governance atmosphere.Compared with the existing research,the innovation points of this paper are summarized as follows:First,theoretical innovation.Based on the theoretical basis and literature review,the concept of relative poverty in the new era is defined,and the existing research on relative poverty is a theoretical supplement.According to the poverty research paradigm of "identification,attribution and governance",the poverty empirical measurement,impact factor analysis and Governance Path Exploration of the relative poverty of migrant workers in the new era are carried out.Second,innovation in the index system.Based on the theory of "feasible ability &better life",aiming at the gap between improving feasible ability and pursuing a better life,this paper constructs the theoretical framework and index system of migrant workers’ relative poverty in the new era,so as to provide internal theoretical support for the identification,measurement and governance path of migrant workers’ relative poverty.Third,innovation in governance schemes.Based on the theoretical basis and empirical results,build a new pattern of governance system for the relative poverty of migrant workers in China,and promote the modernization of governance system;It also puts forward the path choice and specific measures to control relative poverty from five levels.