Phylogeny And Biogeography Of The Greater Horseshoe Bat In Henan

To find out the Rhinolophus ferrumequinum status of Henan and to understand its population,digestive system of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum were studied on paraffin sections stained with HE,morphology characters and taxonomy on some Rhinolophus ferrumequinum populations in Henan province were studied to construct the principal component, the principal component values were studied with the Q-type hierarchical clustering method to analyze the genetic differentiation among populations,genome DNA was extracted adopting refind DNA isolation method.Fifty-eight Rhinolophus ferrumequinum were studied from eight sampling sites in Henan,China. The results showed that the mucosa of oesophagus is multi-layered and the structure of epithelium has no significant difference in the whole oesophagus.Gland is more in the upper end of the esophagus.Lamina stomach has a large number of tubular gland and thick muscle layer.Mucosal surface of the small intestine has many ring folds.The duodenal,s submucosa in the upper class has duodenal gland.The surface of the colorectal is smooth and has no villus.There are small arteries,veins and lymphatic vessels in the connective tissue of the submucosa.The liver has much connective tissue.The boundary of liver lobule is clear and the liver sinusoidal is developed.The boundary of pancreatic lobule was obscure.And the result of morphology showed that it has no significant difference between eight sampling sites.RFLP analysis showed that four enzymes yielded the same restriction sites,only one enzymes yielded different restriction sites,fragment could be assigned to two haplotypes.The difference occurred exclusively in Bat cave of Guangshan,which may be considered a region of increased genetic variability in Rhinolophus.ferrumequinum,but the level of variability is low.We have also found that there is no local specificity of their mtCytb alleles in Henan province.Phylogenetic relationships constructed by susing parsimony,likelihood and neighbor-joining methods reveal that,all R.rerrumequinum formed two distinct clades(R.f.nippen and R.f.tragatus). R.f.nippen formed two distinct clades:one group from Henan province and the other from Japan and Jinlin province,this shows that the group from Henan province belongs to R.f.nippen.