Weather Monitoring And Preliminary Study Of Climate Feature In The Badain Jaran Desert

The formation and evolution of high sand dunes and singing sand dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert are scientific problems, which had been concerned and researched. Moreover, the formation of lakes, the cycle of lakes water and so on. The climate characters in interior of desert need to be study. Therefore, we built two weather stations in the different positions of the dune. Temperature of air, humidity, soil temperature, short radiation, precipitation and wind were monitored by two automatic meteorological observation stations. This work will provided the informations for researching in the region, which fill in a Gap in climate feature of the Badain Jaran Desert. In addition, Meteorological datas (1960-2008) form 13 stations around the desert had been analyzed for studying the difference between interior and surrounding region. This research revealed the distribution character of these factors over the desert. At the same time, we established the relationships between the temperatures from the different stations, and this research provided a mothed for investigating regional climate change. The main conclusions are as follow:(1) The annual temperature range of the Badain Jaran Desert is over 35℃, which is the characteristic of cold desert. The temperature is high during Summer and low in Winter, and the temperature of Autumn is higher than Spring, and with the remarkable feature of daily variations, the diurnal range is large. The relative humidity is high in Feburday, and low in June. The specific humidity of the top of dune is higher than in the dune. The maximum of specific humidity at 8:00 (Beijing time) and the minimum value at 17:00 (Beijing time).(2) There are 109mm precipitation of the top of sand dune and 101 mm precipitation of interdune in 2010. The precipitation increase with altitude, and the ascending rate is 2.5 mm/100m. The precipitation is the highest during September, and May takes the second place, which is over 64.7% of the total precipitation. The frequently values of precipitation intensity are 0.04 mm/h to 0.6mm/h. Daily variation of precipitation in desert is local distribution with Temporal and Spatial plaque.(3) The dominant direction is northwest in Spring. Wind speed is larger in March spring, which daily variation showed two preaks and two troughs. The soil temperature increases with depth, which was greater in December than Octembar. Soil's physics properties changes at the depth of 100 cm. The soil heat flux of superficial layer turn to neigative at 13:00 (Beijing time) and turn to positive at 21:00 (Beijing time) in October, but is positive during the whole day in December. Number of sunshine duration is 4660 hours,which is 53% of whole year in Sumu Jaran. The average of shortwave radiation is 382.63 W/m2, and the lagest vaule of radiation is 733.77 W/m2 at noon.(4) In winter, the temperature in the south of the Badain Jaran Desert is warmer than that of the north of the the Badain Jaran Desert. The cold center is located in the vicinity of the Guaizi lake and Ejina Qi, the cold lake effect isn't exist in this area. The amplitude of temperature increases in the northern Badain Jaran Desert and surrounding regions is faster than that of in the southern Desert in spring and summer, and they are opposite to temperature distribution in winter. The temperature in the interior of Desert is much higher than that of the surrounding regions of the Desert in autumn, it is consistent with the annual temperature distribution. The functional relationship of inverse distance weighted Average between the temperature of station VI and station V2 and surrounding station is y1=1.028x1+13.72 and y2=0.996x2-2.078, respectively.(5) The precipitation of the Badain Jaran Desert and surrounding regions shows that the mechanism behind the synoptic scale precipitation in the whole region remain s the same. However, great discrepancies exist in local regions. For example, the precipitation in Alxa Right Banner is well related to that in Yabulai town. The prevailing wind direction on the interior and surrounding region of the desert is northwest wind, and easting wind in summer and autumn, westing wind in winter. The wind speed in the northern desert is much larger than in the southern desert. The Yabulai mountain located in the southeast of the desert has strong blocking function for northwest airstream, this is why that the high sand hill be located in southeastern desert forms and maintains.