| The study objects are 15 groups of species which are Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Rhinopithecuare, Hylobatidae, Panthera tigris, Cervus, Moschus, Elephas maximus Linnaeus, Procapra przewalskii, Pantholops hodgsoni, Alligator sinensis, Grus, Phasianida, Nipponia Nippon, Cycadaceae, Orchidaceae. Based on the spatial distribution maps which is created by using GIS (Geographical Information System), geo-distribution pattern for 15 groups of key species was analysized, then their distribution hotspots were found in different taxon levels (family, genus and species). In view of some social and natural factors such as population, temperature and altitude, the main driving force that caused the distribution pattern was explained. After that, the protection statusof each group was evaluated, which was made from four ways: protection present status, protection entireness, protection status and protection gaps. Finally, the protection strategies were put forward. The main conclusion are described as follows:1 .Geo-distribution hotspots of 15 groups were in Heng Duan Mountains Area, Qin Ling Mountains Area and Xi Shuang Ban Na, which is consistent with the result of national hotspot study. The key influence factors to these species include landform, climate and human disturbance. There are three reasons why Heng Duan Mountains Area became the refuge of these species. The first is that there was no large-area glacier here in the fourth century. The second is that the forming of Himalayas didn't affect it. The third is that human disturbance is less here compared to other place in China. Most of species living in the trees concentrate in Xi Shuang Ban Na, because the landform here is uplands and the vegetation is seasonal rain forest and upland evergreen broadleaf forest. Qin Ling Mountains Area is main distribution region since the fauna and flora here are of distinct transition.2.The distribution of 15 groups is of two characteristics: partial distribution and discontinuous distribution. Some species of 15 groups are local endemic species, such as Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Arborophila rufipectus, Procapra przewalskii and Orchidaceae. Some species distribute discontinuously, such as Alligator sinensis, Rhinopithecus, Syrmaticus reevesii, Cycas panzhihuaensis and Cycas taiwaniana.3.In view of protected species, 35.77% species are not under protection, most of which are Orchidaceae, Cycas and Phasianidae. There are four reasons: (1) At present, fieldwork surveys of the three groups are so less that the distribution and amount of their habitat is unclear. (2) In China, diversity of the three groups is abundant, but the laws system for the three groups protection is imperfect. (3 )The distribution area of Orchidaceae and Cycas is very large. (4) New species and new distribution spot of Cycas are found continuously.4.In view of protected area, 67.94% is not under-protection. These gaps concentrate in the west-southern provinces such as Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang, Guizhou and Guangxi and the east-northern provinces such as Hei Longjiang. Except Hei Longjiang, Guangxi and Guizhou, other regions basically lie in the geo-distribution centers of 15 groups.5.In view of protected entireness, the protection status of Ailuropoda melanoleuca,Alligator sinensis and Elephas maximus is better, but the one of Orchidaceae and Cycas is worse. In view of protected effectiveness, the restriction factor of each group is different, but the common restriction factor is managers'ability and area of cores. Among the nature reserves that have protected the 15 groups, only 5.46% of the mamagers are professional ones, and effective protected area is about 33.33% of total protected area.6.In order to improve the protection status, the following mearures should be taken: in the distribution center of 15 groups specially Sichuang, Yunnan, Xizang where biodiversity is higher and protection gaps are more, some new nature reserves should be built and exsiting nature reserve should be enlarged; unprotected 44 species belonging to 7 genus, especially Orchidac...
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