Confrontation And Fusion Of Scientism And Humanism

On the meet of the centuries, mankind is mutually faced with the reconsideration and chooses of culture and cultural mold. There exists many obsessions and confusions in fields of culture, spirit and view of value such as human and nature, material life and spiritual life, science and technique and human care, economic and political arthasastra and ethical and cultural ideal, value multiple unit and general value, individual and colony, nation and international, reason and emotion knowledge and belief, efficiency and fairness, freedom and justice, democracy and centralization etc. Scientism and humanism are two conceptions used frequently in modern philosophy. People generally reckon that scientism and humanism are two philosophic trend of thought bimodelly confronted in modern philosophy, also describe and forecast philosophic trend of crossing century with evolution trend. I. Science and ScientismScience is a knowledge system reflecting essence of multiple phenomenon and law of movement in nature world with forms of category, theorem and law etc. Scientism is a kind of belief. It holds that the assumption, research methods of physical science and bioscience etc are likewise applicable and essential as to all other disciplines including human and social science.The nuclear content of scientism ideological trend is just the spirit of scientific reason. The spirit of scientific reason has experienced long-term and abundant developmental stage and journey in western culture, which could be earliest traced back to ancient Greek Philosophy. The essential connotation of scientism philosophy regards nature as natural object, takes every phenomenon as "substance of the object—object—objectification," gropes for cognitive channel of objective law in nature and the conquest, development and utilization with nature, sticks to value orientation of instrument reason and utilitarianism.In modern times, scientism has made marked development and yielded various manifestations including sceptism, empiricism, rationalism and scientific materialism etc. Up to modern times, scientism again exists as the forms of logical positivism, empirico-criticism and experimentalism etc. These scientism thoughts not only as dominant status's thinking concept in western society profoundly effecting its various respects including politics, economy, ethics and culture etc, and effecting greatly to modernization countries of younger generation and nations. II. Human Culture and Humanism No matter in west or in Chins. The word "Human Culture" both includes the meaning in two respects: one is "human", the other is "culture". On one and is the concepts about ideal "human " and ideal "human nature," on other hand is the discipline and course established for cultivating this kind of ideal human (nature). The meaning of former respect is often equal to "Humanity". The meaning of rear respect is often equal to "Humanities". Of course, "human" ideal as first respect of human culture is more important and essential respect. On the part of view of value, "Human Culture" is the tool satisfied the need of certain social class till "culture" and the need of individual "cultivation" on one's moral character.In west, the meaning of Humanism has changed with the development of age. So the definition is rich. The word is translated into humanism, humanitarianism and humanism. The meaning of it should have relating belief system with individual need, but non-religious, thought, and the research relating with thought renaissance in ancient Rome and Greece.Spirit of Human culture in western early pullulates in ancient Greek period. There are many same ideas by coincidence between spirit of human culture in Chinese traditional philosophy and humanism in western renaissance period. Modern philosophic thoughts of humanism yield in German in 1820s. It consists of many schools of Panthelism, Neo-Kantian, Life Philosophy, Neo-Hegelianism, Phenomenology, Existentialism and Hermeneutics etc. The basic connotation o...