Studies On The Biology And Ecology Of Pupal Parasioids Of Housefly Musca Domestica Linn.

7 pupal parasitoids of housefly, Musca domestica, had been found on the campus of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University. They were Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani), Spalangia endius (Walker), Spalangia nigra Latrielle, Trichomalopsis sp., Exoristohia philippinensis (Ashmead), Dirhinus anthracia (Walker) and Eurytenes, sp.. Of these parasitoids, Spalangia endius was the dominant species in the artificial climate laboratory.Spalangia endius is an important pupal parasitoid of housefly. Adults are dark with gentle metal luster and show strong phototaxis. Eggs are elongated oval and slightly arched in the middle. Egg stage lasted about one day in 25?癈. The newly hatched larvae are translucent and have slightly seeable segmentum. Both larval stage and pupal stage were lasted for 7 days in25±1℃.It took 15.7 days for a S. endius to develop from egg to opposition in 25±1℃, RH 70±5℃ and L:D as 14:10. One adult female S. endius could oviposit with the maximum of 68 and was individualized with 24 Musca domestica pupae. One pupa could be parasitoided with the maximum of 24 and the average offsprings was 26. During a day, the main eclosion was in the morning with the peak of 8-10 and no eclosion was at night. After emerged from the pupae, the parasitoids could immediately copulate and the male adults had evidently copulation competition. S. endius takes sexual and amphiterotoky mode and there was no well different between two reproduction modes. The highest stage of egg parasited was at the second day after emergence. The effect of nutrient on adult life-span was correlation. With the honey water, the adult life-span is significantly longer than those supplied with nothing. The effect of nutrient on development of offsprings was significantly, too. The influencet of age of S. endius on the parasitism and host density were all correlation. The development of offsprings with honey water is more rapidly than those supplied with nothing. S. endius can adapt the naturalcircumstances well.Different temperature has obvious effect on devlopment of offsprings. With 10% honey, the linear correlation between the whole accumulate temperature and the speed of devlopment assumed T=8.2353+252.8736V, R=0.9337. The linear correlation between temperature (Y) and the age (X) of the emergence assumed Y = -1.5836 X2 + 10.9 X + 57.78, while the linear correlation between temperature (Y) and the emergence (X) assumed Y = -3.505 X + 27.585. when adults were supplied with fresh pupae. The linear correlation between temperature (Y) and the age (X) of the emergence assumed Y = -6.772 X + 42.122, while linear correlation between temperature (Y) and the emergence (X) assumed Y = -1.145 X2+ 8.077 X + 79.544, when adults were supplied with frozen pupae.Illumination didn't affect the parasitism and sex rate as well. There was a good correlation between the host density and its parasitism. It could be described with Holling II model: Na=2.2179TrN0/(l+2.2179ThN0), and it means that the highest production of a female was 16.207 in a day. The rate of pupal parasitism was descending when they were handled under the circumstances of-18C, but on the contrary, the rate of sex and emergence were rosing. So the frozen pupae can be used as the host of the reproduced Spalangia endius.