Studies On Distribution Patterns Of Bryophytes And Its Relationships With The Environments In Shanghai City, China

Bryophyte is an ideal kind of biological indicator due to its sensitively to the environmental changes resulted from relatively simple structure. By means of ecological survey and investigation, studies of distribution patterns of bryophytes and the relationships between bryophytes and the environments in Shanghai were carried out. There are 180 species belonging to 37 families, and 88 genera of bryophytes in Shanghai. Among them, 23 species belonging to 12 families, and 15 genera are liverworts, 157 species belonging to 25 families, and 73 genera are mosses. Five genera and 50 species of bryophytes were reported as new records to Shanghai region. The dominant species are drought-enduring bryophytes growing on soil in Shanghai. The bryophytes on floor of 22 sites and the epiphytic bryophytes of 31 sites in Shanghai were investigated and sampled. Based on the species recorded and their coverage, the bryophytes species diversity was analysed; TWINSPAN and DCA were used to analyse their distribution patterns; CCA was used to analyse the correlation of bryophyte species with environments; the niche breadth and the niche overlap were calculated. The results showed that the species number and the coverage of bryophytes increased by degrees from the heart of the city to the outer suburbs. And it reflected the certain correlation of the distribution of bryophytes species with different habitats, polluted and disturbed environments. The results indicated that the most bryophytes species had rather narrow niche breadth and microhabitats protection is very important in conservation of bryophytes. The content of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Cr in Haplocladium plants at 13 sites were analysed. The results indicated that the mental contents were obviously different in bryophytes at different sites and were correlated with the environmental pollution. Therefore, bryophytes could be a good biological indicator for quality and changes of the environments in city.