Studies On Biological Characteristics And Toxicity Of Panaeolus Paludosus

The biological characteristics and toxicity of Panaeolus paludosus ,a new recorded Changsha Hunan species in China , were studied by means of tissue isolation, light microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, electro-physiological methods. The study included the ecological and organization characteristics of Panaeolus paludosus, fluorescent dying for mycelium, culturing frutification, the toxicity to plants and animals, isolating and identifying of toxin, and the results were as following:1. The ecological and organization characteristics of Panaeolus paludosus were studied by means of ecological observation in field and observation through light microscopy and scanning microscopy techniques. Panaeolus paludosus is a coprophilous fungi, which emerges and develops in relatively steady environment where average temperature, humidity and soil water content were 26~32℃, 50~80% and 30% respectively. Among the environmental factors, temperature is major factor. Panaeolus paludosus grows fast after shower in the late summer and early autumn when it is hot. Basidiospore has black color, lemon shape, and smooth surface. Clamp connection of the lamellae mycelium is often found. Cheilocystidia are abundant in gill.2. Mycelium of Panaeolus paludosus were cultivated based on single factor design carbon source, nitrogen source, tempreture, and pH.The optimal culture condition of Panaeolus paludosus was investigated by testing and analyzing mycelium diameter, and the best medium was compost medium. The optimun culture conditions were pH 7.8, culture temperature 28 °C. The compost medium was 1000ml compost juice including sucrose 20g, peptone lOg, K^HPCMg ? KH2PO40.5g , MgSO4.7H2O 0.5g. The best nitrogen compound was peptone, and carbamide, the best carbon compound was sucrose and corn flour.3. Mycelium and fruiting body of Panaeolus paludosus were repeatedly dyed by nuclear fluorescent dye Heochst33258 and dissepiment stain calcolour white. The best concentration of calcolour white in the study of mycelium was 0.0005%. The optimal pH of nuclear fluorescent dye Heochst33258 was 7.0, the best concentration was lOug/ml. Two fifths of mycelial growth on the cover slid showed the best effect of nuclear fluorescent dye.4. The strains were got by means of the isolation of tissue and the aseptic incision of the small tissue between the stipe and pileus.The compost medium suited for the growing of strains, the better medium of protospecies was wheat substrate, when cultured Rpaludosus, the dung and straw were artificial manure. Layer sow was used germination of P. paludosus. Fruiting body of Panaeolus paludosus were successfully cultivated in indoor environment. The optimal temperature for the development of fruiting body was lower than the one for the growth of mycelium, the water content of material for culture was about 60%, and the formation of fruiting body needed abundant light.5. The effect of different concentration of crude venom on the hypocotyl growth of Phaseolus aureaus's seed were measured. The changing curve of the content of paddy chlorophyll and MDA demonstrates the concentration of crude venom more than 50mg/L can obviously restrain hypocotyl growth. Treated with 50mg/L extractive liquid of mycelium for ten days, the content of chlorophyll decreased by...