| Due to human, ecological and environmental factors, natural animal population always is divided into several small-size populations (subpopulation), which appear behavior and ecological differentiations. In conservation biology, an endangered species usually had been formatted into small-size populations, and their genetic structures and gene flows presently are the hot topics; moreover, maintenance of genetic variation becomes central concern of conservative practices. Such kind of study would provide essential parameters to evaluate both genetic biodiversity within endangered species and feasibility and effectiveness of present conservation measurements. With the wild, non-migratory and captive subpopulations of the Red-crowned crane (Grits Japonensis) as the models, six microsatellite loci were used for assessing population genetic structure and gene flows in this study. The results showed that: (1) there was no statistically significant difference ( at least P>0.053 ) among all subpopulations; (2) Fst statistics and Nei 's genetic diversity disclosed that more than 90% of genetic variation existed in each subpopulation and less inter-subpopulation; (3) high-level gene flow as around 1-1.9 individuals per generation between wild subpopulation and non-migratory subpopulation probably was due to artificial hatch and reintroduction of non-migratory cranes in the Zhalong nature reserve; (4) multi-allele data of the six microsatellite loci used in this study could be further used into establishing individual files and optimizing reproduction plan and management for the Red-crowned cranes in the Zhalong nature reserve.
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