| The research on 3D free-form surface matching and deformation detecting is vitally essential in the fields of computer vision, pattern recognition, quality control of industry products, medical imaging, soil erosion, debris flow disaster monitoring, and military application. The 3D surface matching and deformation detecting without control points is widely used because of the difficulty to establish control points sometimes. This paper is focused on 3D surface, based on Grid DEM, matching and deformation detecting without control points.This paper firstly researched on existing techniques of the representation, transformation wise, registration strategy and matching algorithm of 3D free-form surface, then makes in-depth research on Grid DEM matching without control points based on LZD algorithm. Through analyzing the algorithm principle and the transformation parameters relationship, the author puts forward slope-smoothing technique to strengthen and improve the pull-in range of LZD and the matching automatization degree. Because Grid DEM can be expressed in a multi-scale way, some propositions are given to solve mass data DEM matching problem based on LOD technique.After the realization of the 3D surface matching without control points, because the requirement of change detecting in surface matching, the research and test on deformation detection are carried out based on robust estimator. In the application of detecting the earth's surface change resulted from debris flow, a new algorithm, F-LZD+M, in which terrain feature is taken into consideration, is put forward in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of the new algorithm for detecting surface differences and two existing algorithms, LZD+M, LZD+LMS, are analyzed compared by the experiments. The simulation experiments prove that F-LZD+M is superior to LZD+M and LZD+LMS in the perspective of matching accuracy and efficiency. And finally, the magnitude of earth's surface change resulted from debris...
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