Wave Design And Experimental Test For Holographic Fabrication Of Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal (PCs), also known as photonic band gap (PBG) material, was a concept that was not introduced to people until 1987, and now have become a common research field through optoelectronics, sensors, optical telecommunication to materials science.This thesis contains a comparison between current main strategies for fabrication of PCs, especially for three-dimensional (3D) PCs, which results in a conclusion that holographic lithography can produce a PC template with large area, submicron resolution, defect-free structure, and a strict uniformity by using a simple setup through a fast and low cost process. Our group has been keeping using this method to carry out PC-fabricating experiments.This thesis pays main attention to wave design, including:(1) Introducing a concept of reciprocal primitive pyramid (RPP) and testifying that the same given Bravais lattice can be formed by multiple configurations of four beams (CFBs). Both the lattice-point shape and lattice constant can be tunable.(2) Further studying half space configurations of four beams (HCFBs), or also so-called pan-umbrella configurations and proving that any Bravais lattice can be formed by HCFBs.(3) Proposing and analyzing the fabrication of binary PCs by interference of four laser beams. A specially designed prismoid that generates interference of four beams with binary symmetry is fabricated and optical interference field is observed with an optical microscope.This thesis may lay a foundation for further fabrication of various PC templates of interests by holographic lithography.