Preparation And Identification Of Human HMGB1 And Anti-human HMGB1 Polyclonal Antibody

Background and objective: HMGB1(high mobility group box-1),also known previously as HMG1,is a nonhistone nuclear protein identified over 30 years ago and the name simply derives from the fact that it runs fast in SDS-polyacrylamide gels.The intranuclear HMGB1 is a critical cofactor for essential nuclear functions,including gene transcription, DNA replication, repairing and V-(D)-J rearrangement.The membrane-associated HMGB1 as a growth factor mediates brain development and neurite growth by signaling through the receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE).The extracellular HMGB1 is a cytokine with multiple biological and pathological roles:HMGB1 can activate cultured human primary macrophages/monocytes,neutrophils and microvascular endothelial cells to produce multiple proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF,IL-1β,IL-8,MIP, suggesting an important role of HMGB1 in inflammation;HMGB1 acts as a strong chemotactic agent for smooth muscle cells,causing their migration from tunica to intima,implicating HMGB1-induced pathology in vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis;HMGB1 inhibits in vitro human colon carcinoma cells apoptpsis,stimulates plasminogen activation and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) formation,involved in the degration of the extracellular matrix(ECM),tumor cell growth and metastasis;more recently,HMGB1 has shown as an immunostimulatory signal,induced phenotypic maturation of dendritic cells,as evidenced by increased expression of CD40, CD54, CD58, CD80, and CD83,suggesting that extracellular HMGB1,when sensed by dendric cells,may induce and/or enhance an immune reaction;HMGB1 can induce migration and proliferation in adult and embryonic vessel-associated stem cells,participating in tissue regenesis.Currently,our understanding of HMGB1-induced cellular activation and its regulation is still superficial and many questions remain.For 1example,what are the exact mechanism of HMGB1 biological sythesis and release?How come that suface expressed HMGB1 dose not induce inflammation but only cell growth and mobility ? Will HMGB1-targeted anti-inflammatory therapy have detrimental effects on neurite outgrowth and fundamental repair mechanisms?Research in the near future will hopefully provide the...