Strange Suppression In E～+e～- Annihilation And Collisions

A similarity has been considered that, the results of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions in RHIC has almost the same property as results of positron electron annihilation in the distribution of charged particle multiplicities and charged particle rapidity, and distribution of charged particle platform. It is maybe a hint that the two have the same mechanism in hadronization. The goal of relativistic heavy ion collisions is to find the signal of phase transition from nuclear matter to Quark Glue Plasma(QGP) existence. On the other hand, some "immoral" results have been found interesting and no self-consistent explanation of standard parton fragmentation model has been found. Otherwise, the former Quark Coalesce Model for nucleus nucleus collision can be used to explain the results. As strangeness enlargement in relativistic heavy ion collisions is an evidence of the form of QGP, much systematic research work has been done both in theoretical and experimental. Unfortunately, only a few models can be used in the research, including Quark Coalesce Model, the Thermal Model etc. A philosophy is used in the research, applying models in three kinds of different reactions, positron electron annihilations, proton proton collisions (proton anti-proton collisions) and nucleus nucleus collisions, and comparing the results of one another. Whether strangeness in proton proton (anti-proton) collisions is enlarged is considered first. As a conclusion, it is very important to research the model succeeded in explaining experiments in electron positron annihilations and extend it to explain relativistic heavy ion collisions.Quark Coalesce Model is set up for the explanation of electron positron annihilations. It hadronization picture is based on the random coalesce of quarks. When the hadronization takes place, there are much quarks (including quarks carried by initial hadron) in the colour singlet phase system, and the exchange of colour between quarks and anti-quarks is frequent. When quarks' relativistic velocity is similar (rapidity nearly association), e.g. the interaction between them lasts long enough, colour singlet hadrons can be formed. The advanced Quark Coalesce Model not only is capable of describing the hadronization of newly produced quarks, but also systems including quarks from initial hadrons. It is quark stage based, no additional assumption needed, be able to give a universal hadron production rate, independent of reaction process, only depending on the quark mass, which it is constitute of. For systems with initial quarks, the rate depends not only quark product rate and initial quark flavor, but also the reaction energy. With this picture, we succeeded in describing the difference between leading particle multiplicities with different initial quark flavor in electron positron annihilations, reconfirmed the QCD prediction of strong interaction independent of flavor analyzing multiplicity of different initial quark jets, and predicted that the isospin symmetry in proton proton collision is not exactly hold and the production of anti-particles is suppressed comparing to particles, which is conformed by the findings in heavy ion collisions.In this paper, the relationship between rate of strange particle multiplicity divided by non-strange particle multiplicity in electron positron annihilations and proton proton (anti-proton) collisions and strange suppression factor, and the relationship between reaction and reaction energy is analyzed and calculated according the Quark Coalesce Model. Finding the multiplicity rate of directly produced strange particle and non-strange particle is not equal to strange suppression factor, but a complex function of reaction type, reaction energy and the strange suppression factor, it can be concluded that strange suppression factor can be deduced from multiplicity rate, and otherwise.In Chapter Two, the annihilation of electron positron was analyzed. In the reaction, two different kinds of quarks production mechanism exist, electro-weak process and strong reaction process. In both processes, quark production rates are different, and so the normalized quark production rates. Further analysis, the difference between strange/not-strange multiplicity rate and the strange suppression factor is found. The rate is no more the strange suppression factor, but depending on hadron flavor (quark and anti-quark flavor is included). Leading particles of electron positron annihilations deserve much attention both in theoretical and experimental, because it carried the information of initial quark hadronization. In this paper, leading particle production rate and different flavor jet leading particle multiplicity rate are calculated and analyzed, and the experiment by OPAL is explained. Further calculation of both resonance and continuum particle production rate and particle multiplicity, are generally in accord with experimental results.In Chapter Three, strange/non-strange particle multiplicity in proton proton (anti-proton) collisions is analyzed. It is got that the average quark production rate is related to the very reaction process and reaction channels, because of the initial quarks carried by protons (anti-protons). This relation is signified in low energy reactions and still ignorable in high energy reactions. Hence, quark production rate and hadron production rate in the two are different from each other, and both related to the initial quarks and reaction channels. And because of different initial quark flavors, hadrons with the same production factor are different also. Further calculation finds this rate is related to the strange suppression factor, and hadron flavors and reaction types. With these results, we can deduce the strange suppression factor from particle multiplicity. Lacking of experimental results, these predicts need further experimental confirm.For conclusion, in this paper, analysis and calculation have been carried out for strange/non-strange particle multiplicity in electron positron annihilations and proton proton (anti-proton) collisions, in the framework of Quark coalesce Model. Some results is in accord with experimental results generally, some isn't because of lack of experimental data. Without any assumption, it can be concluded that the strange/non-strange particle multiplicity is growing with reaction energy in all the three, which is confirmed by experimental data. The way to the explosion of high energy reaction mechanism is long and hard, especially the hadronizaion mechanism, as strangeness enlargement is regarded as a signal of the production of QGP in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Developing the Quark Coalesce Model and refining it, explaining and predicting much more experimental results, needs further and much harder research.