Dispersal Model And Landscape Connectivity Analysis Of Rana Kukunoris In Zoige Natural Reserve

The spatial diffusion of water—breeding amphibian through heterogeneouslandscape and the effects of landscape losing and fragmentation to amphibian werethe core theory of the landscape ecology of amphibian. Geographical informationsystem (GIS) and landscape model were used to model the diffused area of Ranakukunoris in Zoige Wetland Natural Reserve. Model was also used to analysis thespatial distribution variation of R. kukunoris and the change of landscape connectivitywhen simulated the retrogressive succession of landscape. The main result are below:1. There was peatland—meadow pattern which was typical patch—matrixlandscape pattem in Zoige Natural Reserve. The meadow area occupied 79.42% ofthe entire landscape area, contagion index (CONTAG) was 79.00 which was far awaythe minimum value (0) but tend to the maximum value (100). Both of these showedthat meadow was the largest part and the most continue units. It was shown thatmeadow was matrix of the landscape, which evolved the leading role to the landscapedynamic pattem. Though their area only occupies 18.08% of entire landscape area,peatlands were according to 82.9% of the total patches. Dynamic of the patternbetween peatlands and meadows decided the spatial diffusion of R. kukunoris.2. The model indicated that the other types of landscape not only expandeddiffusion of R. kukunoris, but also have provided the potential channels for frog'sconnections among different peatlands. The spatial diffusion zone of R. kukunorisforced isolated patch peatlands to be potential landscape functional connectivity. Thesmall peatlands, as stepping-stone, made the large peatlands connect as a functionalone and promoted the integrated and dynamic connectivity of R. kukunoris in the whole landscape.3. The simulation of "peatlands→meadows" retrogressive succession processindicated that the decrease of small peatlands will have potential effect to R.kukunoris because they must bred in peatlands and diffuse to other type of thelandscape. Retrogressive succession process not only made the decrease ofdistribution of peatlands, patches number of peatlands and diffused area of R.kukunoris, but also reduced the connectivity among source patches. As stepping-stone,the disappearance of small peatlands will made the migration of R. kukunoris amongpatches more difficult.The model was an experiment of the amphibian behavior reaction to habitatlosing and fragmentation. There were many factors that could influence the accuracyof model, such as the preference of animals to each type of landscape, thegeographical data precision, reliable degree of model.