| In order to find out the spatial features of coupled air-sea system and its relationship with inter-decadal oscillation,the phase difference and amplitude in the air-sea system are investigated on the basis of the simple air-sea coupled model which includes the deep ocean effects. The temporal structure is also studied and the observing data are used to analyze the theory. Results show that:(1)for the unstable coupled waves in the air-sea system, the air disturbance leads the sea disturbance from 0 andπ/2 in the phase. Especially the most unstable air-sea interaction can be caused when the phase difference isπ/4;(2)in the coupled system, the amplitude relation between the air disturbance and the sea disturbance is determined by the wind stress and the ocean heating relatively.The amplitude of the air disturbance may be larger or smaller than that of the sea;(3)the deep ocean influences Iittle to the spatial structure of the air-sea couple waves.When the interaction between the air and sea is weak, both the amplitude ratio and the phase difference between air and sea will reduce if the deep ocean coefficient increases,and vice versa;(4)the inter-decadal oscillation between of the air-sea system has relation with the spatial structure of unstable air-sea interaction and the deep ocean effects,and the unstable interplay between air and sea maybe one of the reasons which cause the oscillation;(5)After analyzing the observing data,it is found that the mid-latitude area of North Pacific Ocean is the key area of inter-decadal oscillation, in which the sea surface temperature and the sea surface pressure both have inter-decadal oscillation.Also in this area the wind stress has inter-decadal oscillation,and the phase difference between sea surface temperature and the wind stress is obvious. Also it is found that in winter the SST filed and 500hPa height field have a good relation in the key area of North Pacific,which has inter-decadal oscillation.
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