Electrical Investigations Of Self-organized Behavior Of Steel Sphere Packing

Granular matter refers to discrete systems consisting of solid particles with size more than one hundred micrometer. Such matter ubiquitously spreads in nature, such as sands, minerals, snow, and grains, and is one of the most familiar matters for human. So, any advance in understanding the physics of granular matter is bound to have a major economic and scientific impact.The granular materials is a complicated dissipation system. Much phenomenon of granular materials is connected with mechanical properties. Slow relaxation phenomena of granular materials is introduced in the article. Slow dynamics is playing leading factor's role to systematic evolution in the independent evolution movement process of granular matter system. The expansibility, the friction force and the arch structure have the tremendous influence to the system.The self-organized theory of the complex system is introduced. Self-organized criticality (SOC) is a new theory. The theory explains the organizational principle of certain extended dissipative dynamical systems. That is, systems which are open, far from equilibrium, and interaction can naturally evolve into a critical state. In the critical state, there are long range interactions, by which each part of the system feels the influence of all the others. A small perturbation can lead a domino effect and even initiate an "avalanche". Critical states are signaled by a power-law distribution (scale invariance) of the frequency-scale statistics.The resistance of the steel sphere packing can change under the outside perturbation, and resistance changes of packing reflect the internal structure and the strength distributed changes of packing. The paper discusses factors which influence packing resistance. Resistance of steel sphere packing is measured by fixing electric current in experiment. The paper presents that different electric current change way has the tremendous influence upon packing resistance. Self-organized behavior of static packing under the outside stochastic perturbation is studied by measurement of packing resistance. The initial resistance of packing is possible to be big, and is possible to be small. The packing resistance changes during a shorter time is indefinite as necessary. But there are some rules, too. The change quantity of neighboring packing resistance and accumulation frequency obey the negative power-law relations, and the power spectrum is the 1/f noise. Because power-law distribution of the field quantity is the evidence of self-organized critical, this result indicated that the packing system is in the self-organized critical state.