Study On Avian Diversity And Dynamics Change In Henan Yellow River National Nature Reserve

The wetland of yellow river nature reserve lies in the northwest of Henan province. It is a rare national nature reserve with dense population in inland of china. It was cited as an important wetland in< China National Wetland Conservation Action Plan>.. In the paper, the divisity of avian community in different habitats, seasonal difference, and bird migration dynamic were analysed as well as problems exist in this area and proposal were put forward, the results are the following:1. 247 species were recorded in the nature reserve , which belong to 53 families and 16 orders.Among which there are 154 non-passeriformes account for 62.35% of the total birds. In the non-passeriformes species, 39 species charadriformes account for 15.79% , it shows the waterfowl is superior than the other kinds. There are 69 species of resident, 50 species of summer migrants , 60 species of winter migrants, 66 species of passage migrants and 2 species of straggle in the reserve. There are 158(63.97%) palaearctic realm species, 30 oriental realm species and 59 widespread species.2. In the analysis of avian abundance grade , there are 21 dominant species including bean goose,common pochard, common pheasant,sand martin,grey-capped , greenfinchand eurasian , tree sparrow and so on . There are 109 common species including great commorant, little egret,swan goose,osprey, common crane , indian cuckoo and light-vented bulbul etc. There are 117 rare species including horned grebe, demoiselle crane,pied avocet and yellow-breast bunting etc.3. 9 species were recorded as national first-grade protected wildlife in this region. which are black stork,golden eagle and great bustard etc. 37 species were recorded as national seconded-grade protected wildlife. which are Eurasian spoonbill, Chinese egret, greater white-frontedgoose,tundra,swan,northerngoshawk, cinereous vulture, reded-footed falcon ,golden pheasant, common crane and Eurasian eagle owl etc. 46 species were cites in the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauua and flora. 12 species were listed in the IUCN red list , in which the great white crane is critically Endangered. 11species were listed in china species red list.116 species are cited in the list of China-Japan Agreement for protection of Migratory Birds. 31 species are listed in the list of China-Australia Agreement for protection of Migratory Birds.4. There are 3 endemic bird species in china in the nature reserve. they are golden pheasant, yellow-bellied tit and plain langhingthrush.5. 3 new record of bird Species in Henan Province were found in the reserve . which is reed parrotbill,white winged scoter and long-tailed duck.6. Analysis of the birds component in four different habitats. 107 species were recorded in the hill, 119 species in the water area, 134 in the farmland and 98 species in the plantation. The similarity in 4 habitats is low, The G-F index is similar.7. The summer migrants got here from March to May while leaving between September to November. Most of the winter migrants are made up of birds of anseriformes, Passeriformes, charaderiformes and fariformes, .They arrived here from early October to November while leaving between the next middle ten days of march to April the population were steady at the beginning of December. The travelling migrants pass the place twice every year, the first time is at the of middle of March to may, the second time is in the middle September to November they usually stay here for 10 to 30 days.8. The reserve is the major habitat of the great bustard in Henan province. They existed in an area of 5 kilometres between kouma beach to the east boundary of nature reserve. They uaually arrive here during the first ten days of November, leaving during the last ten day of March in the next year . Biggest population quantity was 52.9. There are some questions about the managemnt of the reservoir, the excess exploiture of the barron beach, the pollution and bird hunting etc. so It is nessary to solve such problems by spreading the importmance of bird protection to the public, discreasing human activities and carrying out work of returning farmland to wetland and so on.