The Resources And Fauna Study On The Formicidae Of Heilongjiang Province (Insects: Hymenoptera)

Ant is a heterotic group in modern insect flora and a typical social insect. In the global record of the existing ants, there are 16 subfamilies with 296 generas, including 9 583 species. With vast territory, complex terrains, diverse climates, China has various species of ants. There are 80 generas including more than 500 species on record in china, but a systematic and comprehensive study on flora of ants in most parts of the country is still under way. Heilongjiang province locates in the northern margin of China, which is a zone of transition between Cold temperate zone and temperate zone. Ant resources and study on the flora of Ants are still in blank. Therefore, this paper takes Heilongjiang province as the research subjects of ant resources and flora study. Through collection, identification and field observation about the family formicidae in Heilongjiang province, this paper aims to clarify the species and distributed situation of ants in Heilongjiang province.This paper includes the following parts:In the literature review part, make a review about the origin of ant, the classification research history, classification system and domestic and foreign general research situation. Give a brief introduction about the sociobiological and economical significance, impact and prevention, micromorphological features and bioecological characteristics of the family formicidae.Part two is about the resources and classification research of the family formicidae in Heilongjiang province. The writer has made a systematic collection of the ants in Heilongjiang province from May in 2007 to October 2007 covering the whole province. Collection locations are chosen from the areas with typical ecological characters including the mountain and forest regions such as Daxing'an Mountain, Xiaoxing'an Mountain and Maor Mountain; the water front and volcanic rock regions such as in Jingpo lake and Wudalianchi area; littoral plains such as Sanjiang plain and Songnen plain; marsh-wetlands such as in Zhaolong. The total collection amounts to 800 bottles, which is above 20 000 in number. They have been identified as 3 subfamilies with 9 generas including 27species which include 10 unrecorded ants in Heilongjiang province. A retrieval table of the family formicidae in Heilongjiang province has been established.The third part is about flora analysis. Heilongjiang province includes palaearctic kingdom region, northeastern subkingdom region and northeastern area on zoogeographical division. The northeastern area can be divided in to Daxing'an Mountain, Changbai Mountain subkingdom, Songliao plain subkingdom. It has been analyzed that among the 27species of family formicidae, 13 belong to species of Palaeartic kingdom, making up 48.1%of total species; 9 species belong to widespread species, making up 48.1%; 5 species belong to endemic species making up 18.5%of total species. The species in Changbai Mountain subkingdom are richer than the other two subkingdoms in any species, including 12species of Palaeartic kingdom, 8widespread species and 3 endemic species. This is a proof of the rich ecological environment in Changbai Mountain subkingdom. There are 12 Formica Linnaeus, making up 44.4% of total species, 4 Lasius Fabricius and Myrmica Latreille respectively, making up 14.8% of the total species. The above three generas are superior in Heilongjiang province.This paper has clarified the genera, species and geographic distribution of the family Formicidae in Heilongjiang province initially which fulfills the historical record blank of family Formicidae in this area. It will provide important theoretical basis for the correct identification, prevention and treatment, protection and use of family Formicidae. The whole paper is about 80 000words with 27 detailed hand-painting maps.Specimens of the 27 species of the family Formicidae insects are preserved in the insect specimen room of Life Science College in Northeastern Normal University.