Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing And Phyletic Evolution Analysis Of Tibetan Macaque

In present study,the methods of polymerase chain reaction and gene cloning were used to sequence and analysis the mitochondrial genome of Tibetan macaque.Partial nucleotide sequences of Tibetan macaque's mitochondrial genome were obtained. Combined with the mitochondrial gene sequences of eight kinds of primates(Tarsius bancanus.Macaca mulatta,Pygathrix roxella,Hylobates lar,Pongo abelii,Pan troglodytes.Gorilla gorilla and Homo sapiens),the homology of nucleotides was determine(?) and genetic distances were calculated based on the partial sequences of Tibetan macaque's mitochondrial gene.Phylogenetic trees were constructed by maximum parsimony to analysis the phyletic evolution among the primates.The results are as follows:1) 4 sequences of Tibetan macaque mitochondrial gene were sequenced after PCR amplification,the length of those sequences was 5223 bp in all.2) The sequences obtained contain the whole sequence of ATP6 and ATP8 besides a part of D-loop,12S rRNA,COâ… ,COâ…¡,COâ…¢,Cyt b gene,the sequences of tRNA-Phe, tRNA-Ser,tRNA-Asp,tRNA-Lys,tRNA-Thr,tRNA-Pro gene were obtained,too.The base proportion of these sequences obtained as follows:C:24.26-32.22%,G:11.79-15.65%,a: 26.76-35.15%,T:23.38-30.37%,the proportion of G+C was lower than the proportion of A+T.3) The complete sequences of ATP6 gene and ATP8 gene of Tibetan macaque's mitochondrial genome were sequenced successfully.The open reading frame coding of the ATP6 gene contains 681bp nucleotides,which encode 227 amino acids.The open reading frame coding of the ATP8 gene contains 207bp nucleotides,which encode 69 amino acids. Both of the initiation codon of ATP6 and ATP8 gene are ATG,and the termination codon of ATP6 and ATP8 gene are TAA.The initiation codon of Tibetan macaque's ATP6 gene is the same as other primates.The termination codon of Tibetan macaque's ATP6 gene is the same as the termination codon of Macaca mulatta and Pygathrix roxella,but it is different with the termination codon of other primates.The overlap length of Tibetan Macaque ATP6 genes's start region and ATP8 gene's stop region is 46 bp.4) Homology comparison and genetic distances were analysised based on the 12S rRNA,COâ… .ATP6 and ATP8 of the primates.The results as follows:among the 9 kinds of primates,the genetic distance between the Tibetan macaque and Maeaca mulatta based on ATP6 is nearest.The genetic distance between the Tibetan macaque and Tarsius bancanus is Farthest.The homology of nucleotides beween Tibetan macaque and Macaca mu(?)a is maximum,and the homology of nucleotides between Tibetan macaque and Tarsius bancanus is minimum.5) Primate phylogenetic trees were constructed by maximum-parsimony based on the 12S rRNA.COâ… ,ATP6 and ATP8 gene of primates' mitochondrial genome.The phylogenetic trees based on 12S rRNA,COâ… and ATP6 gene are identical:The phylogenetic trees showed that Tibetan macaque and old world monkeys were in a cluster, Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla were in a different cluster.The phylogenetic trees based on ATP8 gene shows that Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla were in a cluster.The phylogenetic trees based on 12S rRNA,COâ… and ATP6 gene showed that:the relationships between Tibetan macaque and Macaca mulatta is near.The relationship between Tibetan macaque and Pygathrix roxella is further.This result is consistent with the predecessor's results based on other genes.Associated with the results of primate categorization,homology comparison and genetic distances,Primate phylogenetic trees were compared.It seems that Tibetan macaque 12S rRNA gene,COâ… gene,ATP6 are more suitable for phyletic evolution than ATP8 gene.