The Review Of Merton's Norms And The Reconstruction Of Norms Of Science And Technology Research

This article with multi- angles research: the real diagnosis research; case research and comparison research; first has summarized two times which Merton studied, and drawn out the central–Merton's norms which this article studied. And discussed the social history background which proposed on the scientific research system goal as well as the Merton's norms. After carrying on detailed reconsidering on the modern scientific research background, the article proposed new scientific research norms in the new scientific time.This article first has made a summary to Merton's research route, narrated the same spots and the different spot which Merton studied around his two times, thus drawn out the Merton's norms. After the elaboration of definition to Merton's norms, the article has started to elaborate the system goal of Merton's norms. In the elaboration process, the article mainly discussed Merton time's scientific research goal, as well as the thought root and scientific research background which produced the goal. Then the article has analyzed the social history condition which the Merton's norms produced, including, politics, economy, military, culture, and national defense security analysis.Then the second part of the article has started to reflect on Merton's norms. First analyzed and reflected on every norm and then proved the change of system goal in the new era of scientific research and then demonstrated that the historical conditions changed in the big era of science. Then described the different criticism of many scientists to Merton's norms.The final part of the article has put forward a four-point new norms : innovative norms, regulating cooperation, openness and secrecy norms, private interests and the interests of the community combining norms, and standardized the definition, classification, argumentation of four norms and elaborated the relationship between the them; drawn conclusions and put forwards the future.The article has reconstructed the Merton's norms under the different scientific research background and the different society. And proposed the new standard in the current technical research condition, enables the technical research to get rid of the old inopportune standard, and made a more rapid development, impetused the world and society's economical development, makes the contribution for the humanity.