| Euphorbia L. belonging to Euphorbiaceae has about 2,000 species all over the world. Some ingredients of the plants have obvious physiological activity, as a result, some species have been used for the prevention and treatment of disease. They are primarily used as traditional Chinese medicines to defecate, increase the discharge of urine and treat oedema, tuberculosis, psoriasis, scabies and unknown tumors. Therefore, Euphorbia L. has been paid more attention and concerning studies have also penetrated into all fields. Euphorbia kansui Liou is a perennial herbaceous species in Euphorbia L.. It is mainly distributed in Shannxi, Shanxi, Henan, Gansu and other provinces in China. It is also a relatively important herb in Euphorbia L.. Therefore firstly, the type, distribution and size of laticifers in all organs of E. kansui were observed under light-microscope by the means of paraffin sectioning, semi-thin sectioning and histochemistry, furthermore the structure of developing and mature nonarticulated laticifers in E. kansui were studied at ultrastructural level with transmission electron microscopy; secondly, comparative studies of E. kansui, E. helioscopia, E. humifusa, E. pekinensis, E. hylonoma and E. lunulata were investigated by the methods of paraffin sectioning, leaf epidermis isolating, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique. Furthermore, SPSS13.0 software was used for cluster analysis to discuss the relationship among the six species so as to provide reliable evidence for the classification and identification of crude medicine of Euphorbia L..1. The developing process of root, stem and leaf of E. kansui were similar to the normal developing principles of other dicotyledons. The primary xylem was diarch, triarch or tetrarch. The development of stem could be divided into four stages, which were promeristem, primary meristem, primary structure and secondary growth stages. The mature structure of leaf was formed after the primary growth of phyllopodium.2. The histochemical results showed that the diterpene esters were distributed widely in the vegetative organs of E. kansui. The color showed in the cell cavity of laticifers was the darkest.3. The laticifers in E. kansui is non-articulated branched type. The laticifers were mainly distributed around the phloem of the vascular bundle, they were also distributed in the pericycle of root tuber, the mesophyll tissues of leaf, the mesocarp and endosperm in fruit. The size of laticifers in E. kansui varied slightly in different organs. The laticifers in stem were largest (39.79μm), the laticifers in root tuber were the medium (36.90μm) and the laticifers in mesophyll tissues were the smallest (8.94μm) . While, the density of laticifers varied greatly in different vegetative organs and it is leaf, stem, root and root tuber from high to low.4. The most important two features in the differentiation of the laticifers in E. kansui were the development of small vacuoles arising from ER and releasing lots of Golgi vesicles by Golgi bodies. The mature laticifers had a thin layer of electron-dense peripheral cytoplasm in which the organelle could not be distinguished and a large central vacuole filled with latex particles.5. The comparative anatomy results revealed that various degrees of differences existed in the structure of organs, the micromorphology of leaves and fruits, and the FTIR spectra. Cluster analyses on the structural characteristics and FTIR data together and the structural characteristics alone were carried out by using SPSS13.0 software respectively. The results showed that six species of Euphorbia can be divided into two clusters. E. humifusa, E. lunulata, E. pekinensis, E. hylonama and E. helioscopia fell into one cluster, while E. kansui fell into the other one. Stronger similarities and relatively close relationships were shown between E. humifusa and E. lunulata as well as between E. pekinensis and E. hylonama.
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