The Lightning Activities' Characteristics In China Offing Area And The Typhoon Land In China Observated By The Satellite

There are close interactions between microphysics, kinematics, electrification and discharge in thunderstorms. Now, global, long time series and multi-parameters observations of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) provides us an unique opportunity to investigate not only the spatial and temporal distribution of lightning flashes and precipitation on global and regional scales , but also the interrelationships between cloud kinematic and microphysical processes and lightning on thunderstorm scales . The data from the optical detector OTD and the lightning imaging sensor LIS from 1995 to 2006 were used to systematically investigate the difference climatological characteristics of lightning activities in the land contrast the sea along the coasting of china, and synchronously combined the flash data and the sea temperature data to analyze the temporal and the spatial characteristics of lightning activities in the offing sea area of china, and the response of lightning activities to the sea temperature in the offing sea area of china and the ENSO event. Additionally, the lightning imaging sensor LIS , precipitation radar PR and passive microwave imaging TMI onboard TRMM satellite from 2000 to 2007 combined the typhoon information provided by the Shanghai typhoon institution were used to analyze the flashes'distributional charcteristics of typhoon land in China between 2000-2007 and the relationships between flash rate and macro and micro parameters in typhoon. The data were further used to explore the relationships between flash rate and macro and micro parameters based upon case studies of the 0505"haitang"typhoon. The main conclusions are presented as following:The lightning activities are frequent along China's coasting, the average flash densities both in land and sea nearby China's coasting make a surgly change along with the increase of longitude and latitude. The maximal flash densities appears in Bohai and Huanghai , relatively, the minimum flash densities appears in Donghai. The flash densities descends along with the landform's transition of land,island,strait and sea.China offing area's flash densities is 3.39 fl·km-2·a-1, is far higher than the average flash density in the sea, expresses the difference between sea and the sea along land. Lightning activities in Bohai and South China Sea is more frequent than that in Huanghai and Donghai. And there is a clear tendency that the flash density in China offing sea area is gradually decreasing with the increasing of latitude and the distance off the coasting. The sea temperature in the Black tide area is higher in winter and spring and the flash activity in this area is more frequent than the donghai and ocean sea area in the same latitude, indicate that the black tide area is a strong flash activity area. The annual lightning activity in China offing sea area represent an obvious positive response for the the sea temperature in China offing sea area, representing an consistent diversificative trend; but this area's flash activity isn't influenced by the annual change of the sea temperature. And also it represent an obvious positive response for the El Nino phenomena, especially in winter and spring the flash activity increase with the elevation of NINO3 area's sea temperature .The convective's rainfall area are futher smaller than the stratiform's in the typhoon land in China, but its contribution to the total precipitation is almost equal to the stratiform's, convective has a higher radar echo altitude and a wider distributing range compared with stratiform. The rainfall rate (both in convective and stratiform) in the outer rainband are higher than in the eyewall and inner rainband. The outer rainband region produces more lightning than the rest of the typhoon, the flash time and flash density are both make a surgly change along with the increase of the distance apart from the eyewall center and the peak value both appear in the outer rainband away the eyewall center aboue 375km.The 6km height's reflectivity in the flash areas is higher than the non-flash areas, but the PCT 85 is lower. The flash activities is fewer than other thunderstorm systems and the flash densities concentratly distribut in the lower PCT 85 and higher radar reflectivity areas. The non- induce electrical mechanism is the most important mechanism in typhoon, and the flash activities can indicate the intense convective movement's position.In the cases of typhoon"Haitang",the flash activities mostly occur in the areas between 35-50dbz, the flashes and the 85GHz bright temperature is lower because of the limited ice- matters'grow, indicate that typhoon system is lack of the areas of ice-matter's development .