The Radiation Of Particles Near The Black Hole

In 1916, Einstein put forward a brand-new theory—the general theory of relativity, and had given the field equation which describes the space-time, the mass and the gravitational field. He pointed out that the gravitation is the curved space-time performance. Then in 1916, he predicted the existence of the black hole. Schwarzschild first gave a rigorous solution of the field equation, and then gave the vacuum spherically symmetric static black hole model without charge. Since then, theoretical physicists have given many different forms of the black hole model. According to the classical theory, the black hole is a system that only absorbs the matter and not emits. The observer is unable to observe the internal situation of the black hole. Therefore, it is very difficulty to study the black hole. In the 1970s, the famous England physicist Hawking has proven that there is the heat radiation of the black hole, then the black hole has the thermal properties. Thereafter, Starobinsky and Unruth have confirmed that there is not only the thermal radiation but also the spontaneous radiation for the rotated or charged black holes. After that, the radiation of the black hole has been a research focus.The research on the black hole is a basic theoretical research, which involves the internal relation between the basic laws of physics and the theory of the space-time. The black hole physics has become a interdisciplinary topics, including quantum mechanics, general relativity, thermodynamics and statistical physics, astrophysics and so on. Hence, it is significant to study the black hole for further understanding about the structure, formation and evolution of the universe. At present, the research on the black hole can from many aspects. Based on the tradition research methods, the quantum mechanics has become an important method to study the black hole. There is always a great dispute about the black hole existence or not. For people who trust the black hole existence, the most direct proof is to observe the black hole. If one wants to observe the black hole, we must discover the observable quantities of the black hole. It is just a method to discover the observable quantities by studying the thermal radiation of the black hole.In 2004, ' t Hooft proposed the concept of the black hole quantum horizon, and then people have made the preliminary attempt to quantize the black hole. Gour G et. al. have successfully calculated the area spectrum of the Kerr-Newmann black hole by the canonical transformation. Li Xiang et.al. have extracted the area spectrum of the event horizon. At the same time, the researches of the black hole entropy, the entropy density, the entropy flow, radiation and so on have been developed in our country. In recent years, the loop quantum gravity and quasi-normal modes have been used to study the quantization of the black hole. Through these methods, one can study the observable quantities of the black hole. It can provide the theory basis to seek for the black hole. By quantum tunneling metho, we have studied the radiation of each kind of black holes, and the energy of the particles near the event horizon when the non-thermal radiation happened. And then our results can provide a possible interpretation the black hole theory difficulty - information loss and a theory basis to solve seek for the black hole. The main problems in our work are the intrinsic mechanism of the black hole radiation, the relation between the black hole radiation and blackbody radiation, the effects of the gravitation and electromagnetic field on the black hole radiation.By using the space-time line element of the Bardeen-Vaidya black hole, dynamic Dilaton-Maxwell black hole, the generalized spherically symmetric evaporating black holes with charges and the arbitrary accelerated charged black hole, the metric determinant in the contravariant form has been derived. Based on the properties of space-time and the null curved surface condition, the horizon equations of black holes have been obtained. According to the Hamilton-Jacobin equation, the energy of the scalar particle near the horizon is derived. The results show that the energy of the scalar particle is related not only to its mass, angular momentum, but also to the space-time structure and the change rate of the horizon. Then, the positive and negative energy states of the particles have been carried to study, and the condition of spontaneous radiation of the black hole has been obtained. At the same time, by the space-time line element of the Dilaton-Maxwell black hole, the corresponding horizon equation has been obtained and the null frame has been structured. The Newman-Penrose spin coefficient has been calculated out. Then substituted this spin coefficient into the motion equation of the Dirac particles in curved space-time, and by the radial equation and angle equation, the energy spectrums of the Dirac particles has been obtained by the derived energy level equation. The energy spectrums of the Dirac particles indicate that it is related to the mass, charge, spin quantum number, angle quantum number, magnetic quantum number, the space-time structure and change rate of the event horizon. Finally, the energy condition of spontaneous radiation of Dirac particles in dynamic Dilaton-Maxwll black holes has been derived.