Study On Ecological Entironment Impact Of The Highway Construction Related To Nature Reserve

In recent years, the projects of the highway construction concerning the nature reserve have increased continuously, especially some significant highway construction projects have already collided with the construction of the nature reserve, which have caused the evident highlight with respect to the contradiction between the development of the economy and the protection of the natural resources. The projects related to the environmental influence to the highway construction projects of the nature reserve are diverse from the ordinary non-contaminated ecological projects, the construction of the projects often have the apparent and the significant influence on the surroundings due to the sensibility of the ecological environment, however, currently, for the majority of the projects concerning the environmental influence to the nature reserve, some of them are adopted the qualitative description approach for the ecological influences, a few of them are adopted the semi-quantitative approach to come to an undefined conclusion, in addition, some of them are adopted the evasive attitude with respect to the sensitive issues related to the environment; furthermore, most adopted approach of precaution of the ecology as well as the recover measures are lacking in the pertinence and they are incapable of providing an reliable scientific basis for the administrative authority of the environment, meanwhile, it gives rise to the large difficulties for the construction of the projects.The contents of the influence of the ecological environment of the highway construction projects mainly consist of the survey of the current situation of the ecological environment, the assessment of the current situation of the ecological environment as well as the prediction of the influence of the ecological environment. The survey of the ecological environment includes the survey of the general natural environment and the survey of the ecological elements: the survey of the general natural environment consists of the survey on the aspects of such as the geography and the land features, geology, hydrology, weather, soil and so on, the multiple surveys play a decisive role to the ecological environment within the territory; the survey of the ecological elements includes the survey of the forest ecosystem, the grassland ecosystem, the desert ecosystem, the wetlands ecosystem, the agriculture ecosystem and the urban ecosystem etc. The assessment of the current situation of the ecological environment is carried out according to the two levels: on one hand, the integral quality assessment on the level of ecosystem, including the assessment of the ecological integrity and the integrity of the ecosystem, the assessment of the structure and the situation of the ecosystem, the assessment of the biological diversity, the assessment of the biotope, the assessment of the function of the environment of the ecosystem etc, on the other hand, the assessment of the condition of the factors on the level of the ecological factor, it is common to select the proper representative factor according to the type and characteristic of the ecosystem within the scope of the assessment, the assessment for the current situation of the ecological environment of most of the construction projects is carried out on the level of the ecological factor. The main influences on the terrestrial ecosystem by the highway construction are territorial behavior, vegetation destruction, separating the integrity of the ecosystem, occupying or separating some significant biotope of the wildlife, consequently, it may have influences on the survival of the wildlife, disturbing the earth's surface resulted in the water loss and soil erosion, destroying the natural scenery or creating the undesirable landscape, moreover, have influences on a few significant natural or human remains and so on. The contents of the predicting influences are comprised of the assessment of the influences on the agricultural ecosystem by the highway territorial behavior, the assessment of the influence of the vegetation destruction as well as the biological diversity etc. The adopted approaches of the survey of the current situation of the environment consist of the literature research,"3S"technology, survey on site and the survey by the experts, the methods of the assessment of the influence to the ecological environment are various. a majority of them require the plenty of data support.During the process of the environmental impact assessment, to sensitively protect the goals shall be deemed as the key point of the assessment; furthermore, it is an effective symbol to judge whether the assessment job is carried out profoundly or fluently or whether it is already completed appropriately, the nature reserve is considered as the typical Class A sensitive goal regulated by the law explicitly. The author argues that it is essential to make a detailed and authentic survey to the current situation of the influences on the ecological environment particularly while the highway construction involved in the nature reserve, the approach of the assessment shall be adopted the quantitative method as far as possible, for its influence, it is strongly desirable to give out a comprehensive conclusion, the precautionary method of the ecology shall be more and more substantial and pertinent, thus, the conclusion could be more reliable, scientific and reasonable.The nature reserve, which considered as the ecological sensitive goal, its assessment of the influence on the ecological environment shall be paid attention on the following issues: 1) to make an explicit knowledge of the property, function, protection level of the nature reserve or other information. No nature reserve is identical although the ecological diversity is deemed as the general characteristic of the nature reserve, therefore, it is necessary to understand the features of the representative protecting object, flagship species as well as the ecosystem, in addition, it is essential to clearly know about the object which need to be protected most and its location, distribution, distinguishing the relationship between the construction project and itself, thus, it is possible to carry out the pertinent assessment of the influences. 2) to grasp the fundamental protection strategy of the nature reserve. The fundamental protection strategy of the nature reserve is to protect its naturalness, primitiveness and the wilderness, it is necessary to grasp this fundamental principle while the assessment of the nature reserve is influenced by the external elements. 3)to pay attention to the assessment of the influence of the integrity and sustainability of the ecosystem of the nature reserve. The integrity of the ecosystem of the nature reserve includes the continuation of the territory, the integrity of the structure and the integrity of the component or other aspects. The sustainability of the nature reserve mainly consist of that whether the nature reserve is capable of being sustainably used or whether the production and life of the residents as well as the surroundings are developing harmoniously and so on. 4)to scientifically assess the actual influence as the requirements of the regulations of the nature reserve. The protection and utilization of the experimental plot is the focus and the core issue of the assessment of the influences of the environment. It is possible to convert the core plot and the buffer zone into the experimental plot according to changing the functional partitioning of the nature reserve with the purpose of launching and developing it, however, the actual and practical influence on the reserve by the construction project is unchangeable. Almost all the reserve is an open system, the material, energy and information communication is going through between each functional zone in the interior of the reserve and the interior or exterior environment of the reserve incessantly, whether the highway construction project have influence on the reserve is depended upon not only the interior or exterior of the boundary but also researching the material flow, flow direction, flow state as well as the regular pattern of the entire ecosystem, thus, it is available to judge the degree, size, result and the acceptability of the influences. 5) To put forward the pertinent protecting method. To focus on the protection of the wet land, rare wild animals and plants as well as the fountainhead self-restraint area.During the cases of the construction projects between the Tonghua to Jingyu section of the HE-DA Highway, on the basis of collecting a plenty of information and on-site inspection, the author makes an explicit survey to the ecological environment (including the typical quadrat survey) of the area within the construction project combining with the remote sensing technology, moreover, the author adopts the various methods such as the analogy method, quality indicator method (comprehensive indicator method), productivity assessment method and the landscape ecology method to make a integral and general assessment and predictive analysis of the current situation of the ecosystem as well as the possible influences to the environment, furthermore, the author puts forward a pertinent precautionary method on the basis of the sensitivity of the project so as to complete to explicitly and systematically expound the ecological influences on the nature reserve caused by the highway construction project.