Research Of Genes Encoding 12S RRNA And Cyt-b And Molecular Evolution For Alaudidae In Inner Mongolia

There are 91 species in 19 genus of alaudidae in the world, amongst which 14 species in 6 genus are scattered in China. In Inner Mongolia,7 species in 5 genus account for 50% of the total kinds of alaudidae around China, including melanocorypha mongolica, galerida cristata, calandrella cinerea, calandrella cheleensis, calandrella acutirostris, eremophila alpestris and alauda arvensis. This paper will analyze the genetic relationship of 7 species of alaudidae in Inner Mongolia with methods of molecular systematics and traditional taxonomy.Two genes from mitochondria DNA(mtDNA) are chosen in this paper, which are genes encoding 12S rDNA and Cyt-b. The genes of these 7 species are obtained by PCR and sequenced, then analyzed by clustal W method by software MEGA 4.1. The genetic relationship trees are contributed by Neighbor Joining method, and combined with the results of phenotype, karyotype and feather keratin analysis, these conclusions are obtained:At the genus level, Eremophila alpestris has the similarest charactors with Calandrella, the genetic distance between Melanocorypha and alauda is short and it is matched with traditional catisfaction that the melanocorypha mongolica, galerida cristata and alauda arvensis should be separated into three different genus. Calandrella cinerea has a long distance with the other species in alaudidae, and should be placed in a new genus. From an evolutionary perspective, the calandrella cinerea is the earliest species which diverged from their common ancestor, and galerida cristata is the next one, then two branches come out, and one of these diverges the eremophila alpestris and calandrella genus(except for calandrella cinerea), the other one melanocorypha mongolica and alauda arvensis are diverged from the other branch, at last the ancestors of melanocorypha genus makes the calandrella acutirostris and calandrella cheleensis formed.