A Research On Landscape Spatial-Temporal Changes Of Waterfowl Habitat In Xingkai Lake National Nature Reserve

Based on Landsat Image from remote sensing (RS) on September 16th, 1989 and September 10th,2006, topographic maps with 1:50000 standard Farm and land use types maps with 1:100000, stock map, plant distribution maps, animal distribution maps,planning maps and field investigation GPS data, with waterfowl investigation data, other relevant text information and Image Database for supporting information, this dissertation investigated waterfowl in the Xing Kai Lake National Nature Reserve. Supported by RS and Geographical Information System (GIS), theory and techniques of the landscape ecology were used to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze Landscape spatial-temporal changes. Moreover, through quantitative analysis on certain wetland habitat indexes and establishing HSI evaluation model, evaluation on suitable habitat of the wetland birds was conducted and dynamic changes of temporal pattern were depth analyzed. Several plans and advices were proposed for protecting and restoring wetland and maintaining wetland birds'populations. These would offer basic data for wetland protection and management in the future. The results showed:1. Landscape pattern: Analyzing RS data from September 16,1989 and September 10, 2006 would offer possibility to rapidly and accurately obtaining data on land use patterns and the degree of evolution about Xing Kai National Nature Reserve. During 17 years from 1989 to 2006, though acreage, numbers and spatial position of each ecological landscape patch had changed at different levels, the landscape pattern unchanged:the dominant inter-wetland pattern composed with wetlands, farmland and swampland was patched with other landscape types.2. Landscape features index: Analyzing the degree of fragmentation from the perspective of landscape patch density and edge density, most of the landscape fragmentation increased except for farmland landscape fragmentation reduced during 17 years from 1989 to 2006. Landscape shape of grassland, waters and residential lands was much more complicated while that of farmland, forestland, swamp, unutilized lands more inerratic. By means of mean shape index and The average fractal dimension features, the diversity index and evenness index had decreased while the dominance index opposite from the view of Landscape heterogeneity in the Xing Kai Lake National Nature Reserve. Landscape diversity was negatively correlated to dominance index while positively correlated to evenness index, landscape diversity and evenness index increasing while dominance index declining partially reflected increasing differences on proportions of each type of landscape and high landscape heterogeneity, which further disclosed ecosystem, was unstable. 3. Markov model:the farmland changed most significantly, not only the range but also the speed of increase in area was the most significantly, most of which was Converted from grassland, forest and swamp during the last 17 years from 1989 to 2006 in the Khanka National Nature Reserve, in the meantime, the area and number of patches of the above three Landscapes had decreased evidently. The preserving ratio of waters and farmlands was high while the unutilized land and grassland had high conversion rate.4. Waterfowl habitat suitability:during 17years from 1989 to 2006, not only suitable area and less suitable areas but also unsuitable area of Xingkai Lake National Nature reserve waterfowl habitat area was decreased, while fine suitable areas was increased. Increase in fine suitable areas due to the suitable areas and less suitable areas added.