| Proteins and nucleic acids are the two kinds of biological macromolecules in our body. Nucleic acids are the basic genetic material of biological, it is related to the biological growth and development, cancer, mutation and other unusual activity. Proteins are the carriers of many physiological functions and are also the direct expresser of physiological characters. Proteins play an important role in the metabolism of human body, the most disease of human being is caused by abnormal of protein. They are two types of most important biological macromolecules in life scicence and biochemistry. Therefore study the molecular structure, qualitative and quantitative analysis of nucleic and protein has become the hot spots in bioanalytical chemistry.This thesis focused on the development of new probes of proteins and nucleic acids, and to astablish sensitive method for the quantitative determination of them used the resonance light scattering(RLS) and fluorescence as the primary technique. The TEM, absorption techniques were also used to study the interaction mechanism.This paper is divided into five parts, the first overview the applications of nano–particles and drug molecules as a spectral probe in the analysis of biological macromolecules(nucleic acid and protein).In the second part of the paper, to study the fluorescence enhancement effect of Morin–Al (III)– protein system, and establishe a fast, sensitive and simple method for determination of protein with fluorescence spectroscopy. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of protein within a certain range showed good linear relationship, the detection limit of up to 10-9g mL-1, and successfully applied to real samples. Mechanism of the system shown that the hydroxy of morin coordinate to formation of morin–Al (III)–association complex with Al (III), due to the bridging role of Al (III) in the protein binding, resulting in large aggregates and the fluorescence intensity increases, the rate of energy transfer obtained E = 0.75.In the third part of the paper, the study found the protein can significantly enhance the system of quercetin–Al (III) fluorescence, thereby establishing a new system for determination of protein. Under the optimum conditions, BSA and EA, respectively 1.0×10-8~3.0×10-7 g·ml-1 and 5.0×10-8~4.5×10-7 g·ml-1 within the range of fluorescence intensity showed good linearity The detection limits were 2.3×10-9 and 1.0×10-8 g·mL-1, and the high selectivity and good stability of the system. And studies the mechanism of quercetin, Al (III) and BSA can found that quercetin, Al (III) generates binary complex, and then combined with the BSA, while the quercetin–Al (III) by Al (III) binary system as a bridge combined with the BSA.In the fouth section, the Morin, nanoTiO2 and nucleic acid interactions was studied. The study found that the fluorescence of morin–nanoTiO2 significantly enhanced with nucleic acid adding, and the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of nucleic acid within a certain range showed good linearity. Based on the establishment of a new method for the determination of nucleic acids. The linear range of DNA and RNA, respectively: 2.0×10-8~2.2×10-7 g·mL-1 and 1.0×10-8~2.5×10-7 g·mL-1, detection limits were 4.8×10-9 g·mL-1 and 1.2×10-9 g·mL-1, and successfully applied to the determination of actual samples of yeast RNA.In the fifth section, we developed nucleic acids can largery enhance the intensity of resonance light scattering of Al (III)–nanoTiO2 system, under optimum conditions, There is a better linear correlation between the enhancing extent of fluorescence intensity and the concentration of nucleic acids and the detection limit of protein is found to be 10-11 g·mL-1, and successfully applied to the determination of actual samples of yeast RNA. Mechanism of studies have shown that owing to the bridging fuction of Al (III), nanoTiO2, Al (III) and DNA form a network aggregates, resulting in the system enhancement of resonance light scattering intensity.
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