| In the first part of this paper, based on the solid superacid SO42-/Fe2O3, the Mo, Ni and Zn to be introduced , and the catalysts SO42-/Fe2O3- MoO3, SO42-/Fe2O3-NiO and SO42-/Fe2O3- ZnO were synthesized by the method of gel-sol. The structure of catalysts had been studied by the methods of TEM, IR and BET. The result was showed that SO 4 2-/Fe2O3- MoO3 is superfine solid (<30nm) and belong to nanocrystal and had high specific surface area. SO42- is combined with metal ions of catalysis in a bidentate state. For the synthesis reaction of butyl acetate, the SO4 2-/Fe2O3- MoO3 has a satisfactory catalytic activity. And when the mole ratio of Fe and Mo was 6:1, the catalyst has the best activity. The optimal concentration of immersing concentration of (NH4)2 SO4 was 1.0 mol.L-1, and the appropriate calcining temperature for this kind of catalyst is 500℃. The nanosolid superacid catalyst SO4 2-/Fe2O3- MoO3 was investigated in the synthesis of Benzaldehyde glyceryl acetal as well. In this reaction, the use of SO42-/Fe2O3-MoO3 attainted the high yield of 88.6% of Benzaldehyde glyceryl acetal. The various metal oxide-promoted nanosolid superacid SO42-/Fe2O3 was investigated in the synthesis of 1,1,3-butoxy-3-methylpropane. The dependencies of conversion, selectivity and the product distribution on the ratio of two metals, the calcining temperature, the immersing concentration of ammonium sulfate solution and the reactant/catalyst ratio were investigated. In this reaction, the selectivity to 1,1,3-butoxy-3-methylpropane up to 79.8% at conversions up to 76% have been observed.In the second part , Various solid bases, such as KF/ r -Al2O3, MgO/ r -Al2O3, KF/NaY and MgO/NaY were prepared by the method of microwave irradiation and used to catalyze the synthesis of cinnamaldehyde. At the same time the effects of preparation methods, reaction time, ratio of load of KF/ r -A12O3 were studied. The results indicate that KF/ r -Al2O3 has a satisfactory yield, and the microwave irradiation method is the best among various methods. At the same time, the solid base K2O/r-Al2O3 , MgO/r-Al2O3 , KF/r-Al2O3, Na2O/r-Al2O3, CaO/r-Al2O3 and SrO/r-Al2O3 were applied to the Self-condensation reaction of n-butyraldehyde. Itwas found that among those catalysts the activity of K2O/r-Al2O3 and KF/y-Al2O3 were rather higher. And the effects of the content of water in the solvent and different solvents were investigated. The experimental results show that ethyl alcohol is the best one among these solvents and when the concentration of water is 1.4 mol-L'1 the activity, the yield is the best. Different Michael addition reactions were catalyzed by solid base K2O / r -Al2O3 and KF/ r -A12O3 , MgO/ r -Al2O3 that are prepared by Microwave irradiation method . For the K2O/r-Al2O3, not only good yield are attained but also can make the reaction of Acetonitrile that usually are regard as inactive carbonion and a , B -unsaturated compound to carry out. The yield of Michael reaction of Ethyl acetoacetate and Crotonaldehyde catalyzed by KF/ r -Al2O3, MgO/r -Al2O3, MgO/NaY all can reach to 80% and the latter can reach to 90%. At the same, the catalysts of different content (the ratio of load) of MgO also were applied in this reaction, and found that the best content of MgO is 20%-25%. |
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