Effects Of Copper And Cadmium On The Fresh-Water Crab (SINOPOTAMON YANGTSEKIENSE) In Cell And Molecular Level

The crab Sinopotamon yangtsekiense is widely distributed in Chinese freshwater area. Effects of heavy metal ,such as Cd and Cu,may reflect the effects of the water pollution of heavy metal on the Decapodas (Crustacea:) to some extent Based on the early work, we studied the effects of Cd and Cu on Sinopotamon yangtsekiense by using the new developed technology of molecular toxicology.There are five parts in this experiment:Part one: The Acute Toxicity and Accumulation of Cd2+ in Freshwater Crab S. yangtsekienseMany organisms inclouding the gill, the antennal ,the nepatopancreas, the ovary and the crust were nitrificated,and the contents of Cd2+ was determined by spectrophotometry. The results snowed that Cd2+ was accumulated selectively in S.Yangtsekiense .The bioaccumulation of each organ decreased in turn :the crust>the gill>the hepatopancreas>the antennal gland>the ovary Among them ,the bioaccumulation in gill was 8-50 times higher than that of other organs except for the crust in the same condition. The bioaccumulation of Cd2+ in S.Yangtsekiense had the concentration-effect relationship, that is to say,the more the concentration increased ,the more the bioaccumulation was. But the time-effect relationship was r籺 observed about the bioacoirnulation of the S. Yangtsekiense.Part two: Effects of Cadmium on infrastructure of Golgi Bodies during Spermatogenesis of Freshwater Crab S. yangtsekienseUsing transmission electron microscopy , on effects of low dosage of Cd2+ (1.87mg/L)on ultrastmctrue of Golgi bodies(GB) during spermatogenesis of freshwater crab 5! yangtsekiense at three different times(5d,15d30d), were studied. The results showed that the alterations of Golgi bodies were not obvious in control group and the treated group in the 5th day after an experimental exposure to low dosage of Cd2+, but were very obvious on the 15th and 30th day. Some membranous sac swelling, disintegrated at last During primary and secondary spermatocvte stage, the quantities of GB became more and more. There are more secretive activities on the trans face in the long coure of time , and different alteration in the mitochondria and the rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER). And at the same time the quantities of rysosomes were manifolded During spermatid and spermatozoa stage , owing to GB could not be synemtized with miochondria membrane, and come into being membrane complex. Mitochondrial great swelled and vacuolus. All these changes hindered the spermatogenesis of s. yangtsekiense.Part three: Effects of Cadmium on Ultrastructure of Nucleus during Spermatogenesis in crab S. yongtsekienseStudy effects of low dosage of Cd2+ (1.87mg/L) on ultrastructure of spermatogenic cell nucleus at the different tirnes(5d, 15d, 30d) By transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Showed that the nucleus were affected by the low dosage of Cd2+ during the whole process of Spermatogenesis .First, the nucleus shape varied from spherical or ellipsoidal to all kinds of shapes. Second, nuclear membrane appeared swelling,and disintegrated in the long times, at the same time the quantities of nuclear pores were increased Third, the chromosomes were massed.Part four: Effects of Copper on Esterase Isoenzyme of Freshwater Crab S. yongtsekienseThe effects of different dosages of Cu2+ on the Esterase Isoenzyme(EST)of the gill,the hepatopancreas and the testis were investigated by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).The results showed that the effects of Cu2+ on EST isoenzyme activity could be not only activated but inhibited as well There were different effects of Cu2+ on EST isoenzyme of the major tissues. At different dosages of Cu2+, there was the main dosage-effect for the EST isoenzyme of every tissue. From the results it can be concluded that the EST isoenzyme was very sensitive to the toxication of Cu2+ and can be used as a bioindicator of the environmental pollution.Part five: Damage of Copper on the Apermatogenous Genome of crab 51 yongtsekiense Analysed by RAPDEffects of Cu2+ (2.43mg/L) during Sp...