Synthesis And Characterization Of Nanomaterials And The Synthesis Of Special Effect Reagents

The whole thesis can he separated into two parts. The first one is the synthesis of nanomaterials, it is one of the most promising materials in the 21st century. Due t'o the special particle size, nanomaterials present some special effects different from both macroscopic and microscopic materials. With the decreasing of particle size, the surface area as well as the proportion of surface atoms of the material increase correspondingly, which results in some novel properties, such as small-size effects, quantum effect, and superficial effect. Thanks to these novel properties, nanomaterials have many good physical and chemical peculiarities in mechanical, photochemical, magnetic, electric, catalytic and many other aspects, which has been widely used in national defense, electron, chemical combination, architecture material, medicine, aviation, energy, environment, and our commodities. So it has significant realistic and potential applications in scientific areas and catches more and more interests. The second one is the synthesis of special effect reagents as well as the improvement and optimization of methodology of it. Five chapters were included to dissert the above two parts in details.1. A review on different synthetic methods of nanomaterials and resent researchstatus is given, including their development tendency.2. CuS nanocrystals with diameters as small as 12nm have been synthesized by hydrothermal technology at the lower temperature of 150.The products are found to disperse homogeneously and crystallize well after specific structure characterizations by XRD, TEM. Besides, the effects of reaction conditions such as temperature, reaction time, concentration and surfactant and the dispersant PEG are studied in details.3. CuS/PVP nanostructrues with diameters as small as 8nm have been synthesized by hydrothermal/solvothennal technology and characterized indetails. Because of the existence of organic protection layer, on the one hand, the particles are prevented from oxidation and aggregation in the air, on the other hand, thus prepared nanocomposites have excellent solubility in water and oil which has great significance in the application of CuS nanoparticles in solvent phase.4. On the basis of thoroughly review of the references with regard to the preparation methods of thioacetic acid and its ramifications, methyl thioacetate, an important intermediate, have been successfully obtained, and the improvement and optimization of methodology of it are discussed as well, which reduces the reaction route and can be applied in the industrialization.5. We have synthesized some special effect reagents of cyanidums and ketones in fixed bed catalytic reacter we designed with catelyzator synthesized by ourselves. This is a kind of green craftwork and can be continually and substantively applied in production.