| Atmospheric aerosols are liquid and solid participates dispersed in the atmosphere and a complicated heterogeneous system. In recent years, they have become the main material of the air pollution in many big and medium-sized cities. Because atmospheric aerosol strongly endangering the ecosystem environment and human health, studying the characteristics, pollution conditions and source of atmospheric aerosol are very important to prevention and cure for the pollution of atmospheric aerosol.In this dissertation, the components, characteristics of physical chemistry and space-time distribution of the atmospheric aerosols in the area of Chengdu city are investigated using inductively coupled plasma atom emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the source of the atmospheric aerosols is discussed and determined through calculation of two mathematic methods: factor analysis and factor enrichment.The research of the dissertation expresses that the pollution of atmospheric aerosol in the area of Chengdu city is very serious, and the pollution indexes are higher especially in the winter. The contamination is mainly made up of inhalable particulate materials. The analysis to the inorganic elements, water-soluble ion, mineral composition, inorganic and organic carbons of the particulate materials shows them the enrichment of the poisonous and harmful chemical elements and chemical components, such as Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Hg, Se, SO42- and organic carbon (OC). So there are more harmful risks for human. The particulate materials in the area of Chengdu city originate mainly from soot of burning coal and oil, vehicleemissions, building and metallurgical dusts, and dusts from road and soil. Otherwise burning rubbish and vegetation make a marked contribution to the derivation of the particulate materials.
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