Practical Research Of Biodiesel

This paper dissertates the method of making biodiesel, concretely explores the mechanism of its chemical reaction, and applies the way of life cycle to analyse the biodiesel's impact on the energy resources and the environment, in addition, makes cost analysis of producing biodiesel. As a nontoxic, biodegradable, renewable, and alternative fuel, Biodiesel has a promising future.First, this paper applies the method of theory analysis combining test, studying how to make biodiesel and engine's combustion and emission. I mainly explore two kinds of questions, one is finding the best method and test conditions of making biodiesel from plant oil, so that it can produce high quality biodiesel, the other is comparing the engine's consumption rate of oil, performance of power and emissions though burning two kinds of fuels, which are diesel and blended fuel of diesel and biodiesel.In this part, it puts emphasis on how to make biodiesel fuel from vegetable oil and methanol with the catalyzer of sodium hydroxide by Transesterification. I analyses the different kinds of factors which influences the last reactive ration, then concludes the best three qualifications, including mass of sodium hydroxide is one percent of the vegetable oil, the reactive time lasts 40 to 50 minutes, the molar ratio of vegetable oil and methanol is one to six, in this condition, last reactive ration can reach eighty seven percent. Many studies have shown that the physicochemical characteristics of biodiesel and conventional diesel oil are similar. So it can be applied to diesel engines without modification of the diesel engine. When the blended fuel in which the diesel oil is blended with biodiesel of different rations are used on diesel engine, the emission of CO, HC and soot reduces greatly, while the emission of NOx increases a little, the rate of oil consumption hardly changes and no significant change has been found in theengine's performance.Second, I apply the method of life cycle assessment evaluating biodiesel's impact on energy sources and environment. I made contrastive analysis of life cycle of diesel and biodiesel, mainly evaluating difference of three aspects, one aspect is the need of consumption of initial energy, energy of process and energy of petrifaction, second aspect is the emission of carbon dioxide, the last aspect is the emissions of air pollutants, including carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, particles(diameter less than ten micron), total amount of hydrocarbon, methane and total amount of particle, etc.Last, I evaluate the cost and economic returns of biodiesel which is made from colza oil or soybean, because of its lower solidifying point, high quality, it can be added to diesel as ingredient, its price is high than diesel. Tax of biodiesel made from colza oil is two hundreds twenty point one yuan per ton; Tax of biodiesel made from soybean is seventeen hundreds twenty six point five yuan per ton, so biodiesel can bring great returns.Foreign government gives allowance or others preferential policies to factories which produce biodiesel. Our country will make similar policies, so factories produce biodiesel will have great economic returns. The social benefits of using biodiesel are valuable. Exploiting biological energy source can remedies the shortage of petroleum, while it also is the course of solving the environmental problem of exhaust emission.In a word, Promoting and using biodiesel is valuable. First, it is meaning to the restructuring of agriculture. Second, it has strategic significance to energy security, it can reduce dependence to petroleum.Three, it is meaning to ecological environment, contrasted to diesel, which can save fuel from fifteen percent to thirty percent. At the same time, it has virtue of environmental protection and it can meet requirements of strict emission regulations.