| The distillation apparatus of fennel essential oil was studied,a set of distillation and extraction apparatus that operating simply and measuring accurately was made certion. The influence of different distillation conditions were studied on the yield and compo-sitions of fennel seed essential oil, the results showed that the degree of comminution was the most significant distillation parameter,its influence on yield and compositions of fennel essential oil was larger,than the ratio of ground seed and water and distilla-tion period; in the combination of minimum comminution, the yield of fennel essential oil and the relative content of trans-anethole were higher. The content and compositions of fennel ripe seed essential oil from 7different pro-ducing places were studied,the resules showed that the content of essential oil was between 1.36%and 2.68%.The essential oil was anlaysed by GC-DSQ,19 compositions were identified ,the primary composition was trans-anethole,its relative content was between 76.05% and 82.22%. The content and compositions of fennel essential oil of the whole plant in different development periods were studied,the results showed that fennel had essential oil in its whole development period,and the conent increased.The relative content of the two primary compositions,trans-anethole and limonene,changed largely,the content of trans-anethole decreased firstly and then increased,that of limonene increased and then decreased . The content and compositions of essential oil in different organs were studied,the results showed that the content of essential oil in fruit was the highest,the declining order of content of essential oil in different organs was fruit,flower, inflo-rescential peduncle,leaf,stem and root.The primary composition in essential oil of or-gans was different,that in flower, inflorescential peduncle and leaf was trans-anethole and limonene, that in stem was limonene, that in root was dill apoil.
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