Synthesis And Characterization Of Sulfide And Oxide By Low-heating Solid-state Chemical Reaction

The studies of nanomaterials started in the early 1980's and have now become one of the hottest worldwide research fields in view of their many special properties and potential applications. Especially, all sorts of nanoscale oxide and sulfide materials become the focus of materials research. These reported methods for preparing oxide and sulfide nanomatrials usually require multi-step, higher temperature, special apparatus and rigorous conditions. In this paper, a series of nanomaterials were prepared by simple and convenient low-heating solid-state chemical reaction methods with the assistance of a surfactant and suitable conditions of experiment. Now the application of nanomaterials is an active research field in modern science. In this paper, the main content is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, CuS nanoneedles and nanorods were prepared by one-step solid-state chemical reaction of copper acetate and thioacetamide in the presence of PEG 400 and under the suitable experiment's conditions. Nanocrystallites of non-stociometric copper sulfides were synthesized via different factor of preparation. The compositions of samples were determined by XRD. The sphere-like or rod-like morphology of samples were observed by TEM and SEM. The optical properties of copper sulfides were studied by Uv-Vis and PL. Results show that the peaks in Uv-Vis of nanoscale CuS become blue-shift and the peaks in PL are different from the bulk materials. The electronic properties of copper sulfides were studies by cycle voltammograms or charge and discharge, results show that the nanoscales copper sulfide has cycle performance is better. The reactive processes and mechanisms of one-step solid-state reaction were discussed. It can be summarized that the reaction's speed is fast than the growing speed and the uniform nanoparticles were gotten. The PEG-400 is very important factor about the growth of nanorods. In the second chapter, ZnS nanorods and Bi₂O₃ alveolate were fabricated by annealing precursor ZnS and Bi2O3 nanoparticles, which were prepared by solid-state chemical reaction...