| This dissertation presents a simple method (free-template) that provides conducting polyaniline nanostructures on different anodes via one-step electropolymerization. Meanwhile, we discuss numerous reaction parameters (including electrodes, electrolyte, current intensity, reaction temperature and time) that affected the final productors. The structures and formation mechanism of polyaniline have been investigated. The main results are concluded as follows.In the first section of the dissertation, net-like polyaniline nanofibers have been fabricated on stainless steel plates with sulfuric acid. The film is composed of polyaniline nanofibers with diameters in the range of 30-50nm and lengths up to several hundred nanometers. It is founded that under the similar reaction condition, use the sulfuric acid, p-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid and oxalic acid as electrolyte, we prepare fibrous, layered and papillate polyaniline respectively. This shows acid species influence the morphologies of polyaniline. We also discover that the doping degree increases when the reaction time is prolonged. Considering both efficiency and the quality of polyaniline film, the experiment confirm that 20℃ is optimal temperature.In the second section of the dissertation, large-scale of oriented Polyaniline nanorods have been synthesized by one-step electrochemical deposition on aluminium electrode without the aid of any templates. The diameters and lengths of polyaniline nanorods are in the range of 50-60 nm and 150-250 nm, respectively. The effects of synthetic parameters, such as the concentration of aniline and electric current intensity, on the morphologies of polyaniline films are investigated. The moderate concentration of aniline is in range of 0.05 mol·L-1 0.25 mol·L-1 . We briefly analyzed the formation mechanism of polyaniline nanorods and put forward a question for farther research, namely whether the porous aluminum which is come from the acid corrosion play a...
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