Study On The Antibiotic Pollution And Antibiotic Resistance In Aquatic Environment In Chongqing

The researches on the pharmaceutical pollution in the aquatic environment are getting more and more concern in developed countries such as Germany, Denmark, Switzerland and America with their rapidly increased usages in human and animals and also the rapid development of analytical methods in environment in recent years. Present studies showed that most pharmaceuticals are not fully metabolised in human and animal bodies. The unchanged drugs and their pharmaceutically active metabolites will be discharged with the feces and effluent from pharmaceutical plant and then influx into the municipal sewage treatment plant and hospital wastewater treatment plant, or spread directly on the agricultural field with manure. These compounds finally reach the aquatic environment with the effluent and rainfall events respectively. Antibiotic pollutant shows to be the most important class in these newly emerged chemical pollutants. The adverse effects of the antibiotics on the environment caused by the unreasonable prescription of antibiotics for huge profits in medicinal operations and abuse of antibiotics to promote growth of animals in agriculture are emerging. Reports from Germany, Denmark, Switzerland and America showed that several groups of antibiotics are found in different concentrations in hospital effluent, sewage treatment plant effluent, active sludge, aquaculture environment, surface water and ground water. The most possible effects of antibiotics on aquatic environment are the long-term toxicity to aquatic creatures by the persistent antibiotic exposure at low level and the increase of antibiotic resistance of the microbial flora due to the selective pressure. The latter seems to be more relevant to human health. Antibiotic resistance in water are suspected to have important hygienic significance: Resistance bacterial in water and the resistance factors can be transferred to human body by several ways and make the treatment of infectious diseases more difficult, antibiotic resistant analysis (ARA) is one of the main methods for the recently developed technologies--microbial source tracking (MST) in water.The first part of our research was to make a primary investigation on the antibiotic...