Studies On The Synthesis Of Alkyl Polyglycoside Catalyzed By Solid Acid

Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is a new kind of non-ionic surfactant which has many peculiarities of ordinary non-ionic and anion surfactants such as low surface tension, high activity, strong ability of decontamination, abundant and steady foam etc. Furthermore, it possesses excellent dermatological and environmental properties. APG is used in a wide range of technical and consumer products, such as detergents, cosmetic products, food, medicine, pesticides formulations etc. It is intituled as a new word surfactant.In this thesis octyl polyglucoside (OPG) with good performence is synthesized by the direct glycosidation of 1-octanol with glucose in the presence of acidic catalyst. Use of the direct glycosidation can avoid introduction and distillation of short carbon alcohol. So it can predigest processes and reduce the wastage of energy.Emphases of this thesis are the selection of acidic catalyst and the optimization of reaction conditions such as catalyst/glucose mass ratio, alcohol/glucose molar ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time. First, we study the catalytic efficiency of inorganic acid, organic acid, heteropoly acid and five self-making solid acid, and find out that SO42-/SiO2 solid acid is the best catalyst in the direct glycosidation. Then the optimal reaction conditions are confirmed through orthogonal test: Catalyst/glucose mass ratio: 0.01/1, Alcohol/glucose molar ratio: 6/1, Reaction temperature: 110℃, Reaction time: 1.5h.After the glycosidation, primary product is got through neutralization and distillation. The primary product analyzed by thin layer chromatography, and its ingredients are octyl polyglucoside, residuary alcohol (1.209%) and polyglucose (0.359%). Pure octyl polyglucoside is got through soxhlet extraction. Its value of DP is 1.33. IR spectra, mass spectrum and 1H NMR characterize it. Its surface tension, cmc, emulsification, moistening property, froth property and complex property are tested. It is testified that octyl polyglucoside has notable moistening property and fine complex property.