| The template synthesis method has been shown to be a versatile approach for preparing nanostructures. Using this method, different kinds of nanomaterials have been fabricated, such as metals, semiconductors, polymers, carbon and other materials. The main idea of this method is fabricating a desired material within the pores of porous membrane. Porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane with satisfying physical stability and chemical inertia has attracted a great deal of interest as templates in the synthesis of various nanostructures, such as nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, nanobelts and nanodots. It has cylindrical pores of uniform diameter from tens to hundreds of nanometers depending on the anodizing parameters and almost parallel porous structures.Among strategies for the fabrication of 1-D nano-structured materials, template-mediated techniques have been demonstrated to be very effective. For example, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is an important "hard" template. Various size nanotubles /nanowires have been fabricated through AAO templates with different pore diameter. This thesis was focused on the fabrication of 1-D nano-structured materials via templating process. Also,hydrothermal routes have been employed for preparing various low-dimensional nanomaterials of CePO4 . By varying the deposition time, inner diameter of the tube can be controlled. Short deposition times obtain the tube, while if the deposition time is long enough, the nanotubes will eventually close up to form solid nanowires. The outer diameter of the tubes is determined by the AAO pore diameter. The pH value adjusted to around 3~4 is important for the nanotube growth. The lower pH value with strong acid will corrode the AAO membrane, making it difficult to control the morphology of the nanotube. So anneal of AAO membrane is needed.Early in 1934,Formalshas mentioned the conception about electrospinning. However,the people have not systematically researched electrospinning theories and made a lot of experiments until recent ten years. Electrospinning is a new development of traditional dry spinning and melt spinning of synthetic fibres. Electrospinning fiber with diameters normally from more than 10 nm toμms is much finer than traditional spun fiber. Electrospinning has been an important method to fabricate super-fine fibers and nanofibers recently. The form of electrospinning fiber products mainly non-woven fibre membrane.The membrane has high specific surface area, high surface-to-volume ratio and excellent mechanical performance. Therefore, it has the wide application potential in the domain of biomedical material,filtration and composite,and so on.zirconic oxide/cerium oxid nanofibers were fabricated by sol-gel process and electrospinning technique, using PVA,PAN and various of inorganic salts as precursor. This method offered a brand-new way for fabricating one-dimensional inorganic nanomaterial.The morphology of fibers were discussed by adjusting conditions such as the concentration of PVA, the volume of ethanol added to the sol, the mass of metal salts added to the sol, the capillary screen distance, the voltage, the velocity of calcination. As a result, with increasing the concentration of PVA, the diameter of electrospun fibers increased and the morphology changed from beads to regular and then unregular. Increasing the concentration of ethanol decreased the surface tension and increased the viscosity of solution. Increasing the concentration of inorgnic salts made the diameter of fibers increased and lead to the deliquescence of fibers. Both increasing the distance of collection and increasing the electrospinning voltage decreased the diameter of the fibers. The fibers ruptured when the temperature rose quickly, then the velocity should be controled below 50°C/h.The procucts were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), infrared spectra(IR), Raman spectra,X-ray diffraction(XRD). All the results show that favorite nanofibers with smooth surface, homogeneous diameters of 50~150nm and uniform morphology were obtained.
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