Nutrition Components Analyse, Extraction And Antioxidant Properties Of Polysaccharide Of Stropharia Rugoso-annulata

Stropharia rugoso-annulata (King Stropharia or Winecap) is a gorgeous, nutritional and functional mushroom with a pleasant refreshing taste of delicate fragrance, crisp and slightly sweet, and is now being cultivated in several different countries. Its fruitbodies contain high protein levels, with all the essential amino acids and other elements, such as minerals, vitamins and polysaccharides. It is a new kind of mushroom which FAO recommended to developing countries.The contents of nutritional components, bioactive substance of the fruitbodies of Stropharia rugoso-annulata were determined. The results are as follows: protein of 25.75%, crude fat 2.19%, crude fiber 7.99%, carbohydrate 68.23%, total amino acid 16.72%. The ratio of E/E+N and E/N are separately 39.11% and 0.64. It contained higher contents of phosphor (3.48%) and potassium(0.82%). In bioactive substance the contents of flavone, saponin, phenols are all more than 0.1%. The contents of taurine and Vc are separately 81.5 and 53.1 mg/100g.The best qualifications of extracting of Stropharia rugoso-annulata was temperature 100℃, ethanol concentration 80%, substance water ratio 1 :30. The of crude polysaccharides was 21.69%, and after purification the contents contents was about 70.12%. The polysaccharides was separated by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-100 separately. Separated by DEAE-Sephadex A-50, the results showed one electroneutral polysaccharides peak and some electronegative polysaccharides peak. Collect polysaccharides peak tubes separately and deposited by ethanol, the yields were separately 17.13%, 52.22%, 11.00% and 7.40%. Elementary separated polysaccharide of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, results that there were two parts polysaccharides, larger molecular weight polysaccharides and smaller molecular weight polysaccharides. The larger molecular weight was about 610014.The anti-oxidant of polysaccharides extracted from Stropharia rugoso-annulata using the ultramicro-pulverized and the ordinary grinded material were studied. In the DPPH radical scavenging method, water extracts and methanol extracts separately had more than 80% and 78% of scavenging activity, at 1.67mg/ml and 11.11mg/ml. The EC₅₀ of water extracts was 0.63～1.01 mg/mL, and methanol extracts was 5.65～7.71 mg/mL. The results show that four kinds samples of polysaccharides can scavenge both superoxide anion free radical and hydroxy radical. The IC₅₀ of scavenging ratio of superoxide anion free radical were 80.95, 76.45, 162.20, 164.80μg/ml separately; the scavenging ratio of unsmashed fruiting body sample was 98.72% at 583.1μg/ml; the four kinds sample can all improve mitochondrion tumidness and red blood cell hemolysis degree effectively; on the condition of spontaneously oxidant and inductively oxidant, the four kinds sample had good restrain effect.The results of experiment of CCl₄ inducing mouse oxidative injury, the effect of three experimental group had some quantity-effect relationship. The high group had the best improvement of SOD activity, GSH-Px activity of mouse liver and GSH-Px activity of kidney. Total SOD and CuZn-SOD activity of heart of polysaccharides groups were higher than the model group, content of MDA were lower than model group, and be significantly different(P<0.05 or 0.01). In the experiment of D-galactose induce mouse oxidative injury, polysaccharides of Stropharia rugoso-annulata can increase blood serum activity of GSH-Px obviously, the content of MDA were decreased and activity of TAOC were increased; the blood activity of SOD of each experimental group was all higher than model group, content of MDA was lower than model group(PO.Ol); the liver activity of total SOD, Mn-SOD, CuZn-SOD and GSH-Px were all improved, explain that polysaccharides increase the activity of antioxidant enzymatic system and antioxidant ability of liver. The result of electric microscope show that the structure of membrane was seriously injured, organelles inosculated. The polysaccharides groups' cell configuration were obviously improved. The isozyme of uterus SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were analyzed by 4%～35% gel gradient concentration electrophoresis. The activity of SOD and GSH-Px of model group were lower than other groups', but CAT was higher than others' and bands were changed. The reason was not clear.