| Soil animals are the animals which live in the soil. They have a regular period to pass in the soil, or even live in the soil all over their lives. Their lives rely on the soil environment, and also they have certain influence to the soil. The main research area of soil zoology including soil animal taxonomy research, type distribution and quantity statistics research, individual species ecology research, the reciprocity of soil animal and edaphon research, the function of soil animal in the flow between matter and energy of ecosystem research, the instruction of soil animal to soil pollution research, as well as the application of soil animal in agricultural production domain research, and so on. At present, the soil zoology research of our country already has carried on the massive soils classification of animals, the distribution research of soil animal quantity and community structure in typical regions, but the research which relates to between the soil animal and the environment also is at the exploration stage.The Long-Hai railroad constructed in 1905, was one of oldest railroad skeleton line in our country and its transportation was very busy. However, the railroad construction which brings the transportation convenience to the people, can also have the influence on the environment, be important on the one hand is the soil heavy metal contamination. Therefore the research of railroad soil animals' type and quantity and their response to soil heavy metal pollution have the important theory and the practice significance.This article selected Zhengzhou - Kaifeng section of the Long-Hai railroad as the research object, in the foundation of the open country investigation and the room analyzes, the author discussed the soil animals' community structure and their response to soil heavy metal pollution of the railroad.There are six parts in this test: Partâ… This part mainly introduced and analyzed the soil zoology research process, the present situation, the existence question and the future main research area, pointed out the vital significance of the research of railroad soil animals and their response to the soil pollution.Partâ…¡This part generally introduced the natural survey of the research areas, this was the important environmental factor which affects the community structure and quantity of railroad soil animals.Partâ…¢This part mainly introduced the soil animal investigation and appraisal methods, the room tests and analysis methods, and the data processing methods.Partâ…£According to the distance away from railway bed 0m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 50m, 100m, 200m, 300m and1000m, we built nine sampling spots. Through each sampling spot soil animals community's appraisal and their quantity statistics, the analysis studied the soil animals' main superiority groups, the distribution situation, the communities' multiple characteristic, as well as the similarity among communities of all areas. Based on this, combining with data of physics and chemistry material from the content of heavy metal in big soil animal (earthworm) and in the corresponding (mother soil) soil, this article further addressed the interaction between soil animal and the environment, summarized the soil animals' response rule of the soil environmental pollution.Partâ…¤In this part, the main conclusions from this research were drawn.Partâ…¥In this part, the author pointed out some deficiency as well as some further study places of this research.Through the study, we have drawn the following basic conclusions:(1) From the two research sections, we altogether gained 3708 soil animals, divided into 26 kinds. The superiority communities were collembola, araneae, microdrile oligochaetes, coleoptera, account for 79.19% of the total catch. Common communities were prostigmata, megadrile oligochaetes, diptera larvae, hymenoptera, isopoda, nemata, account for 15.03% of the total catch. Other 16 kinds were rare communities, only accounts for 5.18% of the total catch.(2) Heavy metal pollution of soil along with the railroad was the main factor which affected the composition of soil animals community and their distribution. Along with the increase of the distance away from the railroad bed, the pollution of heavy metal reduced, the numbers of soil animals and their communities had the increasing tend, and the superiority species was not obvious any more in the horizontal direction. At the same time, the characteristic of surface-gather was slackened in the vertical direction, and even caused the counter distributed phenomenon appearance.(3) The soil animal community structure was been obviously influenced by the soil heavy metal pollution. Along with pollution degree aggravating, the soil animal community biodiversiy indexes tend to reduce, but the superiority index tend to increase.(4) In 30 m scope away from railroad bed, the soil heavy metal pollution was heavier. The soil pH value and organic content were not closely related to the soil animals' density and species quantity.(5) The earthworm had a very strong ability to concentrate the heavy metal element, and the ability increased along with the increase of soil metal pollution. There was an obvious correlational exist between the content of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd in the earthworm and the content in the corresponding soil.(6) The soil animals were extreme sensitive to the environment quality change, especially about soil environment quality change. So the numbers of soil animals and their communities could be a comprehensive biology index sign for the soil pollution monitoring and environment evaluation.
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