1.Studies On The Selective Carbonylation Of Toluene To P-Tolualdehyde Catalyzed By Ionic Liquids 2.Delamination Of Layered Double Hydroxides In Microemulsion

There are two different types of reaction studied in this dissertation. In the part one it was selective carbonylation of toluene to p-tolualdehyde catalyzed by ionic liquids, and in the part two, it was delamination of layered double hydroxides in microemulsion.Toluene selective carbonylation is a new synthetic method of p-totualdehyde, and it has great potential application in industry. Halogenated 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminte room-temperature ionic liquids were used to catalyze the selective carbonylation of toluene to p-tolualdehyde. Acetonitrile was utilized as an IR molecular probe to determine the types of acidity ( Bronsted /Lewis acid ) and Lewis acid strength of ionic liquids . The effects of reaction conditions , such as reaction temperature, CO pressure and reaction time etc. were examined and optimized. When [bmim]Br / AlCl₃ was used as the catalyst, the optimum conditions were chosen at reaction temperature of 50℃. reaction time 5 hours. CO pressure at 4.0 MPa. The results showed that the ionic liquids exhibited better catalytic performance for the selective carbonylation of toluene to p-tolualdehyde than the B-L compound liquid acids and solid acids.In the part two of this dissertation, the delamination of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is supposed to achieve in a microemulsion composed system of alkyl / anionic surfactant / water. The diffraction peaks at low angle characteristic of LDHs disappeared when the type of anionic sufactant molecules reached a proper structure in the microemulsion, Indicating that LDHs layers might be delaminated. The delamination of LDHs layers is proved by further carbonate-exchanged experiment and the photograghs of TEM. The length of atkyl groups affects the delamination of LDHs. The longer is the length of alkyl group, the easier is the delamination of LDHs achieved. The delaminated feasibility of LDHs varies also with the chemical composition of the layers. NiAl-LDHs and ZnAgAl-LDHs are the easiest to delaminate of all the preparated LDHs.