| Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) as a new functional polymeric materials can absorb a large amount of water and the water is hardly removed even under some pressure. Because of their excellent characteristics, superabsorbents have been attracted considerable interest and research and have been used in many applications such as agriculture, horticulture, feminine napkins, sanitation, medicine and soil for improvement. Three kinds of salt-resistant superabsorbent composites (PAA/PVA/MMT), (PAA/PPVA/MMT) and (PAA/S-PVA/MMT) with interpenetrating polymer networks structure were prepared by aqueous polymerization using acrylic acid, poly (vinyl alcohol) as organic material and montmorillonite as inorganic material, respectively. The interpenetrating polymer net work structure and exfoliative structure were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and other techniques. The optimum synthesizing conditions were investigated systematically, and also the factors affecting of super-absorbent properties were researched. The results showed that the introduction of IPNs technology and the design of phosphorylation and sulphonation of poly(vinyl alcohol) are feasible and successful. The segmental montmorillonite is exfoliated in PAA and PVA, forming nanocomposites. Montmorillonite may act as crosslinking points in interpenetrating networks of superabsorbent polymer. So the capabilities were affected. The superabsorbent polymers have advantages on its high water absorbency, good salt-resistant, high thermal stability and low product cost by compares with the pure superabsorbent polymers. So the resulting superabsorbent polymer will have wide prospect of application in afforesting arid mountains and in prohibiting the expansion of desert.
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