Analysis And Assessment On Ecological Risks In Scenic Spot

Scenic spot is the natural and cultural wealth of mankind. Currently, the exploitation of scenic spot in China tends to place resource gains above protection, which doesn't show any respect to the law of nature, but the overexploitation of natural resources will definitely be punished by the nature finally, and mankind have to pay dearly for their behavior. For instance, over the years ever since the exploitation in 1990s, the littoral ecosystem in Beihai Silver Beach of Guangxi has been undermined because of ignoring of environmental protection. According to the assessment by Chinese Academy of Sciences, the cost for recovering the ecosystem in this scenic spot is amounted to RMB4 billion. A same case is also witnessed in Lijiang River scenic spot in Guilin of Guangxi. Neglect of pollution treatment in economic development resulted in serious water pollution of Lijiang River by the end of 1970s. In the recent 20 years, Guilin City has paid a high price in pollution treatment. The facts demonstrate that scenic spot is an area with both value and frangibility. How to realize the overall and effective protection to scenic spot is an urgent issue needs to solve.Based on the above, the dissertation leads the Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) onto the science of tourism, initiates the analysis and assessment on ecological risks in scenic spot, and takes Lijiang River scenic spot of Guilin as a case study.In theoretical study, firstly, the dissertation analyzes the one-sidedness in current research of Tourism Environment Protection, which limits in mutual relation of "tourism activity—tourism environment" without observing "non-tourism activity—tourism environment". It is unbeneficial for the overall protection to scenic spot. Secondly, it discusses the particularity of application of ERA in tourism. Hereafter, the thesis combines tourism and ERA, and puts forward theoretical items, such as definitions, models, characteristics, functions and the basic flow chart of ERA in scenic spot. The double deck model in the thesis is proposed particularly for scenic spot, an area mainly serves for tourism. Theoretically, the model analyzes the risk pressure in scenic spot from two layers, tourism industry and non-tourism industry, which is consistent with reality of the management and research in scenic spot.In the case study, the thesis takes Lijiang River Scenic Spot in Guilin as the research target and the above theory as guidance. On the one hand, the dissertation concludes the information originated from research works and field survey, builds a double deck model, and analyzes further based on the risk pressure in Lijiang River scenic spot refer to water quality, flow of water, tourist ship, riverbed, riverbank and other factitious factors. On the other hand, the dissertation characterizes negative effects led by each risk origin, and assesses the ERA in Lijiang River in both specific and general ways. In specific assessment, by "Expected value—semivariance" model, the thesis quantitatively assesses the seasonal risk of water shortage in Lijiang River scenic spot. The result shows that the high risk of water shortage in the Lijiang River scenic spot is in the low water period. In the general assessment, by combining the method of RAC and Delphi techniques, the thesis assesses and ranks all the general risks in the scenic spot. The result shows that the high risk in Lijiang River scenic spot is originated from factitious factors of non-tourism industry. Proceeding from the result, the dissertation puts forward some countermeasures for ecological risk management in Lijiang River scenic spot.The whole dissertation is consisted of 6 chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction, which summarizes the research progress, and presents the purpose, significance, methods, and technique flow chart of the study. Chapter 2 is the theoretical research on ERA in scenic spot, as well as an exploration of intersection of two learning subjects. Chapter 3, Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 elaborates the analysis on origins of ecological risks, their negative effects, as well as the risk assessment, and ends in some countermeasures for ecological risk management in Lijiang River scenic spot. Chapter 6 concludes the main result of the study in the dissertation, discusses on the existing problems, and raises the prospect in future research.