Studies On Flame Retarded Composites Of Unsaturated Polyester Resin/Inorganic Mineral Based On Low Cost

Unsaturated polyester resin(UPR) is used to traffic, chemistry and architecture industry extensively due to its inimitable merits, but UPR is ignited easily and limiting oxygen index(LOI) is 19.6%. Also, during the process of combustion of UPR, a great deal of noxious gas and heavy smoke will release because of much carbon, hydrogen element. At present, halogen flame retardant, especially bromine system was used widely still for UPR, but once ignited halogen flame retardant will release a great deal of noxious and caustic gas which is bad for entironment. In Europe, Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive(RoHS) announces unambiguously that from July first, 2006 electronic plastic production imported to Europe can not contain halogen flame retardant, especially polybrominated biphenyls. The thesis is just based on the instruction. During the research, the influence of three non-halogen mineral composite flame retardant of brucite mineral/aluminum hydroxide/ammonium polyphosphate(FB/ ATH/APP), magnesium, aluminum silicate mineral/intumescent flame retardant(SM/IF R) and ammonium molybdophosphate(ammonium molybdotungstophosphate)/SM/IFR on flame retardancy, smoke suppression of UPR and flame retarding, smoke suppressing mechanism of themselves are studied basically.Firstly, to study the two kinds of mineral flame retarded composite of UPR/fiber brucite mineral/aluminum hydroxide/ammonium polyphosphate(UPR/FB/ATH/APP) and UPR/magnesium, aluminum silicate mineral/intumescent flame retardant(UPR/SM /IFR), composition, microcosmic appearance, thermal stability and surface modification of all mineral flame retardant are tested by moden testing methods, such as XRD, SEM, DTA-TG, FTIR and laser granulometer, etc. In this thesis, the influence of mineral composite flame retardant on multi-performance of UPR, including flame retardancy, smoke suppression, mechanical and electrical performance are studi- ed by limiting oxygen index(LOI), UL94, smoke density rate(SDR), etc. In virtue of Cone Calorimeter(CONE) and DSC-TG, thermal decomposing process of UPR flame retarded composite are analysed detailedly. The results indicate that LOI of composites came to respectively 33.8% and 36.4% from 19.6% of pure UPR when FB/ATH/APP and SM/IFR composite flame retardant are used. Also microcosmic appearance, composition of charring layer after combustion and flame retarding, smoke suppressing mechanism of mineral composite flame retardant are investigated.Secondly, in order to resolve the issue of releasing heavy smoke during combustion, in the thesis, by means of the molecule design, phosphorus, nitrogen element with predominant flame retardancy and molybdenum, tungsten element with excellent smoke suppression are combined together according to molecular scale and two kinds of flame retardant and smoke suppressing reagent, ammonium molybdophosphate(AMP) and ammonium molybdotungstophosphate(AMTP) are synthesized via chemical deposition. Due to bad compatibility with polymer and exudation from composite, AMP and AMTP are coated by melamine formaldehyde resin microcapsule with in situ polymerization. AMP, AMTP and their melamine formaldehyde resin microcapsule are tested by moden testing methods, such as XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR and laser granulometer, etc. The influence of AMP and AMTP coated by microcapsule on flame retardancy, smoke suppression of the two system of pure UPR and UPR/magnesium, aluminum silicate mineral/intumescent flame retardant(UPR/SM/IFR) are studied by LOI, UL94, SDR, etc. In virtue of DSC-TG, thermal decomposing process of AMP and AMTP are analysed detailedly. Based on these thermal decomposing data, flame retarding, smoke suppressing mechanism of AMP, AMTP are studied.