Localized Monitoring Of Soil Fertilities And Effects Of Eco-Fertilizer On Soil Nutrients In Organic Farming

By GPS-localized monitoring and field experiments, the present paper studied: first, variation tendency of soil fertilities, enzymes and soil microbial biomass-C in organic and conventional agricultural systems; second, changes on contents of soil heavy metals in organic and conventional farming; third, effects of eco-fertilizer on crops growing, yields, qualities, soil fertilities, enzymes activities and soil microbial biomass-C (SMBC).Results of GPS-localization monitor test showed that soil bulk density was decreased and soil pores were increased in organic farming compared with conventional farming, so that soil physical properties were developed. Soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus were increased and transformed in organic productive system by various measures such as recycles of inner matter, crops rotation, planting legume, return of straw, utilization of organic and green manures. With continuation of history of organic farming, contents of available N, P, K in soils became more and more, it had many benefits on crop growth; but organic matter and total nitrogen in conventional farming without the measures had few increases or a decrease. Content of soil heavy metal is one of important index of soil quality, contents of soil heavy metals such as Pb, Cd were remarkably enhanced because chemical fertilizers and pesticides were always applied in conventional farming, so they only reached the second class standard of Environmental Quality Criterion in Soil (GB15618-1995), contents of Pb, Cd in organic farming were decreased, and reached the first class standard of Environmental Quality Criterion in Soil, but contents of Cu, Zn in organic productive system became higher, the reason was that dejecta of big pen were put into soils, dejecta from big pen usually contained a great deal of heavy metals, producers or managers should attach importance to these problems. As a monitor result, urease, acid phosphatase, catalase activities and SMBC in organic farming were higher than conventional farming, their variances were often significant (P<0.05). fertilizers were carried out in organic productive system, the field experiments were conducted to study effects of eco-fertilizer on regulating soil fertilities. Results showed that eco-fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer could significantly enhance crops yields, its yields of tomato were higher than only organie fertilizer and mineral powder added with organic fertilizer by 14.9% and 15.8%, respectively; its yields of rice had increases by 10.5% and 12.5% compared with only fertilizer and mineral powder added with organic fertilizer, respectively. Its yields in rice test were even a little higher than chemical fertilizer treatment. Similarly, eco-fertilizer could obviously raise contents of total dissoluble sugar and Vc of tomato, and improve qualities and flavors of tomato. Eco-fertilizer in soils was in favor of improving output forming factors of rice and harmonizing relations of single and colony plant, it was the base of higher yields. Eco-fertilizer added with organic fertilizer could remarkably improve roots activities and growth and chlorophyll SPAD values of crops; at the middle and later periods of crops growing, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase activities were higher than else treatments, and variances of the parameters were significant, occasionally (P<0.05). In the aspects of effects on soil microbial biomass, eco-fertilizer could noticeably enhance soil microbial biomass-C in developmental stages of crops. So, Eco-fertilizer added with organic fertilizer could improve soil fertility greatly, and make soil nutrient transform more quickly.