Study On The Properties And Component Analysis Of The Red Pigment Extracted From Red Leaf Mustard (Brassica Juncea Coss.)

Red Leaf Mustard, as a distinctive kind of vegetable in Mustard., not only has high horticultural value, but also contains rich anthocyanins, which can be used in many important fields, such as the addictives pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Because of the healthy concerns, the need of natural colors instead of synthetic one has formed a large market. Thus, the finding out and exploitation of natural colors find strong motivations.As a matter of fact, most researches of Red Leaf Mustard were focused on the cultivations. Only a few researches worked on the natural pigment in it. The interest in plants able to give pigment to be used by industry,is therefore increasing.The extraction, purification, stability and components of the anthocyanins in Red Leaf Mustard were studied in the experiments. Main results showed as follows.1. Through the color response experiments,dissolution experiments and the analysis of spectrum data, the results indicated that the pigment of Red Leaf Mustard belongs to the anthocyanins. Although the anthocyanins have the same carbon framework and synthesizing approach with others natural flavone compound,they can absorb visible light strongly.Therefore the anthocyanins could put up different colors in the experiments.2. An Orthogonal experiment including immersing temperature, immersing times and the ratio of solute/solvent was designed to explore the extraction process of Red Leaf Mustard anthocyanins. The results showed that the effect of the ratio of solute/solvent on pigment extraction was significant, while immersing time and the solution pH were not significant factors. The optimum conditions of pigment extraction was pH3-4, extraction time 0.5h at 60℃, solute/solvent 1:30.3. The research has been made on stability of the anthocyanins in Red Leaf Mustard. Conclusion was drawn that the indoors nature light, temperature(lower than 65℃), cane sugar, glucose, salt, reductant(≤0.2%), citric acid, Mn²⁺, Ca²⁺,A1³⁺, Mg²⁺,K⁺ etc. have no significant effects on the stability of the anthocyanins; the ultraviolet, outdoors nature light, oxidant, antiseptic, vitamin C, pH, Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺,Zn²⁺,Na⁺,Fe³⁺etc. have badly destroying power to the anthocyanins.4. For purification method, the contrast tests were performed with cation macroporous resin and AB-8 macroporous resin.The results showed that the best adsorption rate of the cation macroporous resin was in the condition of pH2,time 1h at 25℃,while AB-8 macroporous resin was in the condition of pH1,time 2h at 85℃.Through the experiments on the static adsorption rate of the cation macroporous resin and AB-8 macroporous resin,it could conclude that cation macroporous resin method was better than AB-8 macroporous resin method.And we also studied the desorption method using cation macroporous resin and AB-8 macroporous resin.The result showed that the desorption rate of the AB-8 macroporous resin method was better than cation macroporous resin.5. The high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to isolate anthocyanins and to determinate the molecular weight. Of those the column: Agilent Tc C18 (5μm,3.9×150mm);solvent:(A) 35%TFA(concentrated TFA/water), (B)acetonitrile. Conditions: isocratic elution at 0.3mL/min with 85%A and 15%B at room temperature; injection volume 20μl;PDA spectrophotometry, detection at 536 nm; the MS conditions;the ion source type:ESI; mass range mode:Std/Normal;ion polarity:Positive; dry temperature: 350℃; nebulizer:35 psi;dry gas:9.OOL/min.There suits showed that it conclude:delphinidin-3-(2G-glucosylrutinoside),cyarriding-3-arabinosyl-5-glucoside),cyaniding-3,5,7-triglucoside,delphinidin-3-(2G- arabinosyl rutinoside),cyanidin-3-rutinoside,delphinidin-3-(2G-arabinosylrutinoside)and other cyanidins.