Preparation And Characteration Of Nitrobenzene

Nitrobenzene is an important chemical material and intermediate material. It can be used to produce many medicine and dyestuff ntermediate material such as anilin,diphenyl amine,dinitrobenzene and so on. It also can be used to be the material of pesticide,dynamite,and the rubber vulcanization accelerant. The preparation of anilin and polyamidoester foam is the main use of nitrobenzene. At the present time, the mian industrial technics of the preparation of nitrobenzene is the nitration by mixed acid. This technics subsist a series of problem such as entironment destroying,equipment cauterization and so on. So the research of new technics of the preparation of nitrobenzene is very important, and what my paper has done is just the new research of new technics of the preparation of nitrobenzene.First, I go along the basic experiment of the preparation of nitrobenzene,the experimental data shows that the degree of nitration and the translation rate get bigger as the increase of temperature. The limit temperature mast be lower than 75 Celsius degree because the reaction can not continue when the temperature exceed the boiling point of benzene. The adiabatic nitration method is under the higher pressure and it can support hihger temperature, so it can increase the translation rate and reduce the destroying of entironment.In the next place, I confirm the condition of gas chromatography by experiment. The best condition of gas chromatography is: the chromatogram pillar OV-17(30m), carriedgas (hydronitrogen) rate 45ml/min, atmosphere rate 400ml/min, hydric rate 40ml/min, the detector temperature 250℃, gasification temperature 250℃; The quadratic calefactive program: initial temperature is 60℃,and get to 130℃with the rate of 10℃/min, then hold this temperature for 3min, then get to 220℃with the rate of 15℃/min, and hold this temperature for 5min.it is proved that this is the best calefactive program and the separate degree is good. So with the help of the gas chromatography I carry through the analyzing of the production of nitration reaction and draw the standard curve of each component. At the same time I finish the research of the reaction kinetics, get the constant of reaction rate, and establish the kinetics equation.