The Synthesis, Application And Development Of The Hierarchical Nanostructure Material

The hierarchical nanostructured materials can be defined as five parts, it includes basic nanocell, nanometer structure, nanoparticle interacted materials, nanodevice acted as semiconductor and biology simulated mineralization. There are many methods for synthesis and preparation of the hierarchical nanostructured materials. It mainly contains directional congregation, that is self-assembly, indirectional congregation such as aerogel; liquid phase synthesis. The liquid phase synthesis mainly contains deposition method, hydrothermal and solvothermal method, sol-gel methods, microemulsion method and electrochemical synthesis. Many scientists used the above methods to assemble artificially and arrange into zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional manual nanostractured assembled systems. They also can link the atom, the ion or the molecule together to form nanostructured self-assembly systems through the cooperation function of the less directional non-covalent bond and weak ionic bond. The obtained nanostructured materials behaved a series of physical and chemical characteristics different from the bulk substance because of they possess simultaneity four physical effect (quantum size effect, small size effect, surface effect and macroscopical quantum tunnel effect). The properties of the hierarchical nanostructured materials mainly contain electrics characters(such as electricâ… -â…¤curves, meso-electrical and ferric electrical, field effect and electrochemical properties), magnetics characters (ferromagnetic, paramagnetism, supra-paramagnetism such as H-M curves), optics(fluorescence, UV-Vis, luminescence of light, dynamic light dispersion) calorifics characters(specific heat), catalysis characters(photic catalysis and chemical catalysis) and mechanical characters (antiflexural and tractility) and so on. The nanostructured materials have exhibited enormous potential of development to us after more than ten years' research. Though it is a rising material, it has extensive foreground in application because of its unique performance.